Biohybrid Nanomedical Materials Group, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024 Jan 8;10(1):38-50. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00249. Epub 2023 May 30.
Gold nanostars (AuNSs) are nanoparticles with intricate three-dimensional structures and shape-dependent optoelectronic properties. For example, AuNSs uniquely display three distinct surface curvatures, i.e. neutral, positive, and negative, which provide different environments to adsorbed ligands. Hence, these curvatures are used to introduce different surface chemistries in nanoparticles. This review summarizes and discusses the role of surface curvature in AuNS properties and its impact on biomedical and chemical applications, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, contrast agent performance, and catalysis. We examine the main synthetic approaches to generate AuNSs, control their morphology, and discuss their benefits and drawbacks. We also describe the optical characteristics of AuNSs and discuss how these depend on nanoparticle morphology. Finally, we analyze how AuNS surface curvature endows them with properties distinctly different from those of other nanoparticles, such as strong electromagnetic fields at the tips and increased hydrophilic environments at the indentations, together making AuNSs uniquely useful for biosensing, imaging, and local chemical manipulation.
金纳米星（AuNSs）是具有复杂三维结构和形状依赖性光电特性的纳米粒子。例如，AuNSs 独特地显示出三种不同的表面曲率，即中性、正曲率和负曲率，这为吸附配体提供了不同的环境。因此，这些曲率用于在纳米粒子中引入不同的表面化学。本综述总结和讨论了表面曲率在 AuNS 性质中的作用及其对生物医学和化学应用的影响，包括表面增强拉曼光谱、对比剂性能和催化。我们考察了生成 AuNSs 的主要合成方法，控制其形态，并讨论了它们的优缺点。我们还描述了 AuNSs 的光学特性，并讨论了这些特性如何取决于纳米粒子的形态。最后，我们分析了 AuNS 表面曲率如何赋予它们与其他纳米粒子明显不同的特性，例如尖端的强电磁场和凹陷处的增加的亲水性环境，这使得 AuNSs 在生物传感、成像和局部化学操作中具有独特的用途。
