Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
J Adv Nurs. 2023 Oct;79(10):4074-4087. doi: 10.1111/jan.15726. Epub 2023 May 30.
Perceptions of the nursing profession influence career choices in nursing. An unrealistic perception might lead students to drop out of nursing education programmes. Objective measurement of the nursing applicants' perceptions at the student selection stage could enhance their career choices in nursing.
To develop and psychometrically evaluate the Perception of Nursing Profession Instrument (PNPI).
Mixed method design.
Two versions of the PNPI were developed during the years 2016-2022. The first version was based on documents describing the nursing profession and the second version was based on an integrative literature review, a focus groups study and a document analysis of descriptions of the nursing profession. The meta-ethnographic approach was used to synthesize the results and form a theoretical framework for developing the PNPI (60 items). Item content validity was evaluated by an expert panel of nurses (n = 7). The psychometric properties of the instrument were analysed using the item response theory approach.
The development process resulted in the 40-item PNPI with the following subscales: the content of nursing work, the career in nursing, the nature of nursing work and the characteristics of a nurse. The psychometric analysis revealed unidimensionality and goodness of fit to the partial credit model; however, the item difficulty was not well matched with the participants' abilities.
The PNPI is a novel instrument for objectively measuring perceptions of the nursing profession. For further development, item difficulty must be enhanced to improve the measurement accuracy of the nursing applicants' perceptions of the nursing profession.
Perceptions of the nursing profession influence career choices, but there is a lack of objective assessment instruments that can be used in nursing student selection setting to measure the perception. The results of this study offer an instrument to measure perception, while also suggesting ideas for further development.
对护理职业的看法会影响人们对护理职业的选择。不切实际的看法可能会导致学生退出护理教育项目。在学生选拔阶段对护理申请人的看法进行客观测量，可以增强他们对护理职业的选择。
开发和心理测量评估护理职业认知工具（PNPI）。
混合方法设计。
在 2016 年至 2022 年期间，开发了两种版本的 PNPI。第一个版本基于描述护理职业的文件，第二个版本基于综合文献综述、焦点小组研究和护理职业描述的文献分析。使用元民族学方法来综合结果，并为开发 PNPI（60 项）形成一个理论框架。由 7 名护士组成的专家小组对项目内容的有效性进行评估。使用项目反应理论方法分析仪器的心理测量特性。
开发过程产生了 40 项 PNPI，具有以下分量表：护理工作内容、护理职业、护理工作性质和护士特征。心理测量分析显示具有单维性和适合部分信用模型；然而，项目难度与参与者的能力不太匹配。
PNPI 是一种客观测量护理职业认知的新工具。为了进一步发展，必须提高项目难度，以提高护理申请人对护理职业认知的测量精度。
对护理职业的看法会影响职业选择，但缺乏可以在护理学生选拔中使用的客观评估工具来测量感知。本研究的结果提供了一种测量感知的工具，同时也为进一步发展提供了思路。
