Glerean Niina, Hupli Maija, Talman Kirsi, Haavisto Elina
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku Hospital District of Satakunta, Turku, Finland.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2019 Jun;33(2):390-399. doi: 10.1111/scs.12635. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
To explore nursing applicants' perceptions of the nursing profession and to identify the factors influencing their perceptions.
Perceptions guide the career choice in nursing and the retainment in the profession. Perceptions of nursing profession are said to be outdated and unrealistic among public. Therefore, more information is needed about the perceptions of nursing applicants.
Exploratory qualitative design using focus group interviews.
Three focus group interviews (n = 18) were conducted among applicants to undergraduate Bachelor of Science (BSc) nursing programmes. The focus group interviews were recorded transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. In this study, the ethical principles set by Finnish law and the National Advisory Board on Research Ethics were followed.
Applicants perceived nursing through characteristics of a nurse, content of nursing work, nature of nursing work and career possibilities in nursing. According to applicants, nursing requires suitable attitude and character with knowledge, theoretical competence and good general education. Nurses were seen to work in multi-professional teams and tasks of a nurse were described through caring role of a nurse. The decision-making in nursing was regarded limited. Nursing was considered as secure job with versatile career options although the career options or the further educational possibilities were not fully recognised among applicants. Personal factors, family and friends, media and career counselling at school influenced applicants' perceptions.
Applicants' perceptions of the nursing profession are one-sided and partly unrealistic. Future research should concentrate on planning interventions aiming to change the public image of the nursing profession.
探讨护理专业申请者对护理职业的认知，并确定影响其认知的因素。
认知指导着护理职业的选择和在该职业中的留存。据说公众对护理职业的认知过时且不切实际。因此，需要更多关于护理专业申请者认知的信息。
采用焦点小组访谈的探索性定性设计。
对本科护理学理学学士（BSc）课程的申请者进行了三次焦点小组访谈（n = 18）。焦点小组访谈进行了录音、转录，并采用定性内容分析法进行分析。在本研究中，遵循了芬兰法律和国家研究伦理咨询委员会制定的伦理原则。
申请者通过护士的特质、护理工作的内容、护理工作的性质以及护理职业的发展可能性来认知护理。据申请者称，护理需要具备合适的态度和性格，以及知识、理论能力和良好的通识教育。护士被视为在多专业团队中工作，护士的任务通过护士的关怀角色来描述。护理中的决策被认为是有限的。护理被视为一份有保障的工作，有多种职业选择，尽管申请者对职业选择或进一步深造的可能性并未完全认识到。个人因素、家人和朋友、媒体以及学校的职业咨询影响了申请者的认知。
申请者对护理职业的认知是片面的，部分是不现实的。未来的研究应集中于规划旨在改变护理职业公众形象的干预措施。
