Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.
Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Jun 15;11(3):e0011923. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00119-23. Epub 2023 May 30.
Antimicrobial resistance in spp. is a global public health concern. In this study, the AMR phenotypic profiles of 10 kinds of antibiotics were compared with the genotypic profiles using genomic analysis of 218 isolates from Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China, 2005 to 2016. Core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) based on the EnteroBase Escherichia/ scheme was used to obtain the genetic relatedness of isolates. Multiple-drug resistance was observed in 96.79% spp., and the resistance to antimicrobial agents varied between S. flexneri and S. sonnei. The genotypic results correlated well with the phenotypic profiles with concordance rates of 96.42% and 94.50% in S. flexneri and S. sonnei isolates, respectively, from Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. The sensitivity and specificity of the genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were 97.56% and 95.34% for S. flexneri, and 95.65% and 93.31% for S. sonnei isolates, respectively. A discrepancy of genotypic and phenotypic AST results existed in some cephalosporin- and azithromycin-resistant isolates; there were no clear resistance patterns to predict ciprofloxacin resistance. There were major discrepancies between genotypic and phenotypic AST in the genotypically resistant but phenotypically susceptible isolates. The drug-resistance patterns and essential drug-resistance genes to predict the phenotypic drug-resistant profiles were the discrepancies between S. flexneri and S. sonnei isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates of the same cluster but with different antibiotic-resistance gene patterns occurred because of the loss or gain of antibiotic-resistance genes located in the plasmids and multidrug-resistance islands. Antimicrobial resistance in spp. has become a global public health concern. In this study, we identified the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) characteristics based on genomic sequences of 218 isolates and analyzed the correlation between genotypic and phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of spp., especially for fluoroquinolone, macrolides, and third-generation cephalosporins. Our results show that the genotypic results correlated with the phenotypic profiles with concordance rates of 96.42% and 94.50% in S. flexneri and S. sonnei isolates, respectively. The drug-resistance patterns and essential drug-resistance genes to predict the phenotypic drug-resistant profiles of S. flexneri and S. sonnei isolates in Taiyuan city were distinct. The discrepancy between genotypic and phenotypic AST was considerable in the genotypically resistant but phenotypically susceptible isolates. The information on drug resistance and resistance genes in this study can offer more details on the prevalence of drug resistance of spp.
志贺氏菌属的抗生素耐药性是一个全球性的公共卫生关注点。本研究通过对 2005 年至 2016 年山西省太原市 218 株分离株进行基因组分析，比较了 10 种抗生素的表型药敏谱与基因型药敏谱。采用基于 EnteroBase Escherichia/方案的核心基因组多位点序列分型（cgMLST）方法获得分离株的遗传相关性。多重耐药性在 96.79%的志贺氏菌属中观察到，并且不同的抗菌药物对福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌的耐药性存在差异。基因型结果与表型药敏谱的一致性较好，在太原市分离的福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌中，一致性分别为 96.42%和 94.50%。对福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌的基因型药敏试验（AST）的灵敏度和特异性分别为 97.56%和 95.34%，95.65%和 93.31%。一些头孢菌素和阿奇霉素耐药的分离株中存在基因型和表型 AST 结果不一致的情况；无法明确的耐药模式来预测环丙沙星的耐药性。在基因型耐药但表型敏感的分离株中，基因型和表型 AST 之间存在较大差异。药物耐药模式和关键耐药基因可以预测表型耐药谱，这是福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌分离株之间存在的差异。系统发育分析表明，同一簇的分离株，但由于位于质粒和多药耐药岛上的抗生素耐药基因的缺失或获得，出现了不同的抗生素耐药基因模式。志贺氏菌属的抗生素耐药性已成为一个全球性的公共卫生关注点。本研究通过对 218 株分离株的基因组序列进行分析，确定了抗生素药敏试验（AST）的特征，并分析了志贺氏菌属的基因型和表型抗生素耐药谱之间的相关性，特别是氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类和第三代头孢菌素类。我们的结果表明，在福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌分离株中，基因型结果与表型药敏谱的一致性分别为 96.42%和 94.50%。太原市福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌的耐药模式和关键耐药基因可以预测其表型耐药谱。在基因型耐药但表型敏感的分离株中，基因型和表型 AST 之间存在较大差异。在基因型耐药但表型敏感的分离株中，基因型和表型 AST 之间存在相当大的差异。本研究中关于耐药性和耐药基因的信息可以提供更多关于志贺氏菌属耐药性流行的细节。
