School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Sports Science Department, Liverpool Football Club and Athletic Grounds Ltd, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Int J Sports Med. 2023 Dec;44(13):941-960. doi: 10.1055/a-2103-0165. Epub 2023 May 30.
The aim of this review was to critically appraise the literature concerning the genetic association with athlete status, physical performance, and injury risk in soccer. The objectives were to provide guidance on which genetic markers could potentially be used as part of future practice in soccer and to provide direction for future research in this area. The most compelling evidence identified six genetic polymorphisms to be associated with soccer athlete status ( I/D; rs1815739; rs699; rs1049434; rs2070744; rs4253778), six with physical performance ( rs1815739; rs17602729; rs6265; rs2070739; rs12722; rs2070744), and seven with injury risk ( rs1815739; rs2857656; rs1800012; rs12722; rs2289360; rs1800795; rs679620). As well as replication by independent groups, large-scale genome-wide association studies are required to identify new genetic markers. Future research should also investigate the physiological mechanisms associating these polymorphisms with specific phenotypes. Further, researchers should investigate the above associations in female and non-Caucasian soccer players, as almost all published studies have recruited male participants of European ancestry. Only after robust, independently replicated genetic data have been generated, can genetic testing be considered an additional tool to potentially inform future practice in soccer.
本综述的目的是批判性地评价与足球运动员身份、身体表现和受伤风险相关的遗传关联的文献。目的是提供指导，说明哪些遗传标记可以作为足球未来实践的一部分，并为该领域的未来研究提供方向。确定的最有力证据表明，有六个遗传多态性与足球运动员身份相关（I/D；rs1815739；rs699；rs1049434；rs2070744；rs4253778），六个与身体表现相关（rs1815739；rs17602729；rs6265；rs2070739；rs12722；rs2070744），七个与受伤风险相关（rs1815739；rs2857656；rs1800012；rs12722；rs2289360；rs1800795；rs679620）。需要独立小组的复制，还需要进行大规模全基因组关联研究，以识别新的遗传标记。未来的研究还应调查将这些多态性与特定表型相关联的生理机制。此外，研究人员还应调查女性和非白种人足球运动员的上述关联，因为几乎所有已发表的研究都招募了欧洲血统的男性参与者。只有在生成了稳健的、独立复制的遗传数据之后，才能将基因测试视为潜在告知足球未来实践的额外工具。
