Rinaldi Marta, Bottani Eleonora
Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Italy.
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, viale delle Scienze 181/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Int J Prod Econ. 2023 Aug;262:108915. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2023.108915. Epub 2023 May 20.
This paper provides empirical evidence on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on logistics and supply chain processes of five industrial sectors of Italy, namely food & beverage, machine manufacturing, metal mechanical industry, logistics & transport, and textile & fashion. A questionnaire survey, with 82 useful responses, was conducted to investigate various effects of Covid-19 on these businesses, such as the volumes handled and the service performance in the immediate-, short- and medium-term, the countermeasures implemented by companies and the future decision-making strategies. The period of analysis spans from January 2020 to June 2021. Results show that the impact of Covid-19 on volumes and service performance varied across the sectors: the food & beverage and logistics & transport were poorly affected by the pandemic and experienced a general increase in the demand and volumes, while mechanical or textile & fashion industries were mostly affected by a decrease in demand. The positive/negative impacts were particularly evident at the beginning of the pandemics, but, depending on the sector, the effects could cease quite quickly or last in the short-term. The countermeasures adopted against the Covid-19 emergency differ again across sectors; in general, industry fields that were particularly impacted by the pandemic emergency have applied more countermeasures. Typical strategies for risk management (e.g., the diversification in transport modes or the stock increase) turned out to be applied as immediate countermeasures or in plan for the future in few industries only. Differences across sectors were also observed about the sourcing strategies already in use, implemented to counteract the pandemics or expected to be maintained in time. Empirical outcomes offered are expected to help researchers gain a deep understanding of Covid-19 related phenomena, thus inspiring further research activities.
本文提供了关于新冠疫情对意大利五个工业部门（即食品饮料、机械制造、金属机械工业、物流运输以及纺织时尚）的物流和供应链流程影响的实证证据。通过开展问卷调查，共获得82份有效回复，以调查新冠疫情对这些企业的各种影响，如即时、短期和中期的处理量及服务绩效、企业实施的应对措施以及未来的决策策略。分析期从2020年1月至2021年6月。结果表明，新冠疫情对各部门的处理量和服务绩效的影响各不相同：食品饮料和物流运输受疫情影响较小，需求和处理量总体有所增加，而机械或纺织时尚行业大多受到需求下降的影响。疫情初期，正负影响尤为明显，但根据行业不同，影响可能很快停止或在短期内持续。针对新冠疫情紧急情况采取的应对措施在各部门也存在差异；总体而言，受疫情紧急情况影响特别大的行业领域采取了更多应对措施。典型的风险管理策略（如运输方式多样化或增加库存）仅在少数行业被用作即时应对措施或未来计划。在已采用的采购策略方面，为应对疫情而实施或预计长期维持的策略，各部门也存在差异。预期所提供的实证结果将有助于研究人员深入了解与新冠疫情相关的现象，从而激发进一步的研究活动。
