Transient guided-mode resonance metasurfaces with phase-transition materials.

We investigate transient, photo-thermally induced metasurface effects in a planar thin-film multilayer based on a phase-transition material. Illumination of a properly designed multilayer with two obliquely incident and phase-coherent pulsed pumps induces a transient and reversible temperature pattern in the phase-transition layer. The deep periodic modulation of the refractive index, caused by the interfering pumps, produces a transient Fano-like spectral feature associated with a guided-mode resonance. A coupled opto-thermal model is employed to analyze the temporal dynamics of the transient metasurface and to evaluate its speed and modulation capabilities. Using near-infrared pump pulses with peak intensities of the order of 100 MW/cm and duration of a few picoseconds, we find that the characteristic time scale of the transient metasurface is of the order of nanoseconds. Our results indicate that inducing transient metasurface effects in films of phase-transition materials can lead to new opportunities for dynamic control of quality (Q)-factor in photonic resonances, and for light modulation and switching.