State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2023 Aug 1;35(8):1229-1245. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_02017.
It has been found that mind wandering interferes with the sensory and cognitive processing of widespread stimuli. However, it remains unclear what factors can modulate the magnitude of the interference effects of mind wandering. Here, we investigate whether and how word familiarity modulates the interference effects of mind wandering on semantic and reafferent information processing. High- and low-frequency words were used as stimuli to induce high- and low-familiarity contexts in a sustained attention to response task, in which participants were required to respond to Chinese nonanimal words (nontarget) and withhold responses to Chinese animal words (target) as well as to intermittently report whether their state was "on task" or "off task." Behavioral results revealed lower reaction stability for both high- and low-frequency nontarget words preceding "off-task" reports than those preceding "on-task" reports. However, ERP results revealed that low-frequency rather than high-frequency words elicited more negative N400, attenuated late positive complex, and attenuated reafferent potential for "off-task" reports than for "on-task" reports. The results suggest that mind wandering makes semantic extraction and integration more difficult for unfamiliar but not familiar two-character Chinese words and attenuates the reafferent feedback of the motor response. These findings are consistent with the decoupling hypothesis of mind wandering and provide the first neural evidence for how familiarity with external stimuli modulates the interference effects of mind wandering.
已发现，思维漫游会干扰对广泛刺激的感觉和认知处理。然而，目前尚不清楚哪些因素可以调节思维漫游干扰效应的大小。在这里，我们研究了熟悉度是否以及如何调节思维漫游对语义和再传入信息处理的干扰效应。使用高频和低频词作为刺激，在持续注意力反应任务中诱发高低熟悉度的语境，要求参与者对中文非动物词（非目标）做出反应，并对中文动物词（目标）保持抑制反应，以及间歇性地报告他们的状态是“在任务中”还是“不在任务中”。行为结果显示，在“不在任务中”报告之前，高频和低频非目标词的反应稳定性都低于“在任务中”报告之前。然而，ERP 结果显示，低频词而非高频词在“不在任务中”报告时引起的 N400 更负，晚期正复合波（late positive complex）更减弱，运动反应的再传入电位更减弱。结果表明，思维漫游使不熟悉的但不是熟悉的两个汉字的语义提取和整合变得更加困难，并减弱了运动反应的再传入反馈。这些发现与思维漫游的解耦假说一致，并为熟悉度如何调节思维漫游的干扰效应提供了第一个神经证据。
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