Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec;30(1):2219429. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2219429.
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has aroused great interest for its potential in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). SDT relies on tumor-selective accumulation of a sonosensitizer that is activated by ultrasound irradiation (UI) to generate cytotoxic actions. The efficacy of GBM-SDT depends on sufficient sonosensitizer buildup in the tumor, which is, however, seriously hampered by the anatomical and biochemical barriers of the GBM. To overcome this difficulty, we herein propose a delivery strategy of 'platelets with ultrasound-triggered release property', which takes advantage of 1) the platelets' ability to carry cargo and release cargo upon activation, and 2) the ROS-generating property of SDT. To provide proof of concept for the strategy, we first stably loaded platelets with IOPD-Ce6, a nano-formed sonosensitizer consisting of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with polyglycerol and doxorubicin and loaded with chlorine e6. UI of the IOPD-Ce6-loaded platelets (IOPD-Ce6@Plt) elicited ROS generation in the IOPD-Ce6@Plt, which were immediately activated to release IOPD-Ce6 into GBM cells in co-culture which, when subjected to a second time of UI, exhibited pronounced ROS production, DNA injury, viability loss, and cell death in the GBM cells. In the in vivo experiments, mice bearing intracranial GBM grafts exhibited substantial tumor distribution of IOPD-Ce6 following intravenous injection of IOPD-Ce6@Plt and subsequent UI at the tumor site. The GBM grafts then exhibited pronounced cell injury and death after another round of UI of the tumors. Finally, the growth of intra-cranial GBM grafts was significantly slowed when an SDT protocol consisting of an intravenous IOPD-Ce6@Plt injection followed by multiple times of tumor UI had been applied twice to the mice. Our results are strong evidence for the idea that platelets are sound and amenable carriers to deliver sonosensitizers in the GBM in an ultrasound-triggered manner and thus to produce highly targeted and effective SDT of GBM.
声动力学疗法(SDT)因其在治疗胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)方面的潜力而引起了极大的关注。SDT 依赖于肿瘤选择性积累声敏剂,该声敏剂在超声辐射(UI)的激活下产生细胞毒性作用。GBM-SDT 的疗效取决于肿瘤中足够的声敏剂积累,但这严重受到 GBM 的解剖和生化屏障的阻碍。为了克服这一困难,我们在此提出了一种“具有超声触发释放特性的血小板”的递送策略,该策略利用了 1)血小板在激活时携带货物和释放货物的能力,以及 2)SDT 的 ROS 生成特性。为了为该策略提供概念验证,我们首先将 IOPD-Ce6 稳定装载到血小板上,IOPD-Ce6 是一种由氧化铁纳米颗粒包裹的聚甘油和阿霉素并负载氯 e6 的纳米形成的声敏剂。IOPD-Ce6 负载的血小板(IOPD-Ce6@Plt)的 UI 会在 IOPD-Ce6@Plt 中产生 ROS 生成,这些 ROS 会立即被激活并将 IOPD-Ce6 释放到共培养的 GBM 细胞中,当再次接受 UI 时,GBM 细胞中的 ROS 生成、DNA 损伤、活力丧失和细胞死亡明显增加。在体内实验中,静脉注射 IOPD-Ce6@Plt 并随后在肿瘤部位进行 UI 后,携带颅内 GBM 移植物的小鼠体内明显分布有 IOPD-Ce6。然后,在对肿瘤进行第二轮 UI 后,GBM 移植物表现出明显的细胞损伤和死亡。最后,当对小鼠应用两次包含静脉注射 IOPD-Ce6@Plt 后多次肿瘤 UI 的 SDT 方案时,颅内 GBM 移植物的生长明显减慢。我们的结果有力地证明了这样一种观点,即血小板是一种可靠且合适的载体,可以以超声触发的方式将声敏剂递送到 GBM 中,从而产生针对 GBM 的高度靶向和有效的 SDT。
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