Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Laryngoscope. 2023 Sep;133(9):2357-2361. doi: 10.1002/lary.30802. Epub 2023 Jun 2.
The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on olfactory and gustatory function in US adults.
From the 2021 Adult National Health Interview Survey, demographic and survey-specific module data concerning COVID-19 diagnoses, testing and disease severity, and data quantifying disturbances and eventual recovery of smell and taste were extracted. Sample weights were applied to obtain nationally representative statistics. The overall rate of COVID-19 infection was determined, and those diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed with respect to disease severity, smell and taste disturbance, and respective recoveries.
In 2021, 35.8 million or 14% of the adult population (95% CI 13.5-14.7%; mean age, 43.9 years; 53.8% female) had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Among those, 60.5% (58.6-62.5%) and 58.2% (56.2-60.1%) reported accompanying losses in smell or taste, respectively; there was a significant association between overall COVID-19 symptom severity and smell (p < 0.001) and taste disturbance (p < 0.001). Following infection, 72.2% (69.9-74.3%), 24.1% (22.2-26.2%), and 3.7% (3.0-4.6%) of the patients experienced complete, partial, and no smell recovery, respectively. Recovery rates for gustatory function paralleled olfaction, with 76.8% (74.6-78.9%), 20.6% (18.7-22.7%), and 2.6 (1.9-3.4%) reporting complete, partial, and no recovery of taste, respectively. When sensory disturbance was present, severity of overall symptomatology was negatively associated with smell and taste recovery (p < 0.001 for each).
The majority of adults infected with COVID-19 in 2021 experienced olfactory or gustatory dysfunction with a non-negligible population reporting incomplete or no near-term sensory recovery. Our results are useful for providers counseling patients and suggest that interventions lessening overall COVID-19 symptom burden may prevent prolonged sensory dysfunction.
4 Laryngoscope, 133:2357-2361, 2023.
本研究旨在量化 COVID-19 对美国成年人嗅觉和味觉功能的影响。
从 2021 年成人国家健康访谈调查中，提取有关 COVID-19 诊断、检测和疾病严重程度的人口统计学和特定于调查的模块数据，以及量化嗅觉和味觉障碍及其最终恢复的数据。应用样本权重以获得具有全国代表性的统计数据。确定 COVID-19 感染的总体发生率，并分析已诊断 COVID-19 患者的疾病严重程度、嗅觉和味觉障碍以及各自的恢复情况。
2021 年，有 3580 万人（95%置信区间 13.5-14.7%；平均年龄 43.9 岁；53.8%为女性）被诊断患有 COVID-19。其中，60.5%（58.6-62.5%）和 58.2%（56.2-60.1%）分别报告伴有嗅觉或味觉丧失；COVID-19 症状总体严重程度与嗅觉（p<0.001）和味觉障碍（p<0.001）之间存在显著关联。感染后，72.2%（69.9-74.3%）、24.1%（22.2-26.2%）和 3.7%（3.0-4.6%）的患者嗅觉完全恢复、部分恢复和无恢复，味觉恢复情况与之相似，76.8%（74.6-78.9%）、20.6%（18.7-22.7%）和 2.6%（1.9-3.4%）分别报告味觉完全恢复、部分恢复和无恢复。当感觉障碍存在时，整体症状严重程度与嗅觉和味觉恢复呈负相关（每项均 p<0.001）。
2021 年感染 COVID-19 的大多数成年人经历了嗅觉或味觉功能障碍，相当一部分人报告嗅觉或味觉未完全或无法恢复。我们的研究结果有助于提供者为患者提供咨询，并表明减轻 COVID-19 整体症状负担的干预措施可能预防长期的感觉功能障碍。
4 级喉镜，133：2357-2361，2023。
