Department for Research, Folksam Insurance Group, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2023;24(sup1):S111-S115. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2131403.
The first automatic emergency braking (AEB) system was presented in 2003 and aimed to mitigate or reduce rear-end crashes. Since then, several AEB systems aimed to reduce other collision types have been introduced and studies have shown that they reduce crash risks. The aim with this study was to evaluate crash reductions of cars fitted with AEB systems with pedestrian detection and those with bicyclist detection.
The study is based on the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition that includes road traffic accidents reported by the police and by emergency hospitals. Crashes occurring between 2015 and 2020 and with cars from model years 2015 to 2020 were included. The statistical analysis used odds ratio calculations with an induced exposure approach where the outcomes of sensitive and nonsensitive crashes were studied. The sensitive crashes were hit pedestrians and bicyclists, respectively. The nonsensitive crash type in both comparisons was struck vehicles in rear-end crashes. Evaluations were also made for different light and weather conditions and for high and low speed roads.
Seven hundred and twelve hit pedestrians and 1,105 hit bicyclists were included, and the nonsensitive crashes consisted of 1,978 vehicles. The overall reduction on crash risk for AEB with pedestrian detection was 8% (±15%; ns) and for AEB with bicyclist detection it was 21% (±17%). When separating for light conditions, no reduction in crash risk for AEB with pedestrian detection nor for AEB with bicyclist detection could be seen in darkness. However, in daylight and twilight conditions, AEB with pedestrian detection reduced pedestrian crash risk by 18% (±19%; ns) and AEB with bicyclist detection reduced bicyclist crash risk by 23% (±19%). No significant reductions could be seen when separating for weather conditions except for a 53% (±31%) reduction for bicyclists in rain, fog, and snowfall. A larger reduction on high-speed roads (50-120 km/h) compared with low-speed roads (10-40 km/h) was also found.
AEB systems with bicyclist detection were found to reduce the numbers of hit bicyclists, especially in daylight and twilight conditions. In darkness, no reduction for hit pedestrians or bicyclists was found.
第一个自动紧急制动（AEB）系统于 2003 年推出，旨在减轻或减少追尾事故。自那时以来，已经推出了几个旨在减少其他碰撞类型的 AEB 系统，研究表明它们降低了碰撞风险。本研究的目的是评估配备行人检测和配备自行车检测的 AEB 系统的汽车的碰撞减少情况。
该研究基于瑞典交通事故数据采集，其中包括警方和紧急医院报告的道路交通事故。纳入了 2015 年至 2020 年期间发生的、车龄在 2015 年至 2020 年之间的汽车事故。统计分析使用了优势比计算，并采用了诱导暴露方法，研究了敏感和非敏感碰撞的结果。敏感碰撞分别是行人和骑自行车者被撞。在这两种比较中，非敏感碰撞类型都是追尾碰撞中的被撞车辆。还对不同的光线和天气条件以及高低速道路进行了评估。
共纳入 712 名被撞行人，1105 名被撞骑自行车者，非敏感碰撞包括 1978 辆车。行人检测 AEB 的整体碰撞风险降低了 8%（±15%；无统计学意义），自行车检测 AEB 的整体碰撞风险降低了 21%（±17%）。当按光线条件分开时，在黑暗中，行人检测 AEB 和自行车检测 AEB 都不能降低碰撞风险。然而，在白天和黄昏条件下，行人检测 AEB 降低了 18%（±19%；无统计学意义）的行人碰撞风险，自行车检测 AEB 降低了 23%（±19%）的自行车碰撞风险。按天气条件分开时，除了在雨、雾和降雪中自行车的碰撞风险降低了 53%（±31%）外，没有发现显著的降低。还发现了在高速道路（50-120km/h）上的碰撞减少比例大于低速道路（10-40km/h）。
配备自行车检测的 AEB 系统被发现减少了被撞自行车的数量，尤其是在白天和黄昏条件下。在黑暗中，没有发现行人或自行车的碰撞减少。
