National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2023;24(sup1):S1-S8. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2177845.
This paper estimates the latest trends regarding the effect of sex on driver-side or right-front passenger-side occupant fatalities in fatal crashes. The focus is on how recent model year (MY) light vehicles with advanced occupant protection technologies compare to older vehicles without these protections in terms of female fatality risk relative to males.
Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) from 1975 to 2019 is used to calculate estimates of female fatality risk relative to males using logistic regression models and the double-pair comparison method. These estimates are calculated in various groups of MY vehicles and occupant protection systems. Occupant protection systems observed are the use of seat belts, and the availability of dual air bags, pretensioners and load limiters in the vehicles. All vehicles used include occupants age 16 to 96. Occupants studied include front-row occupants (drivers and right-front (RF) passengers). The average between drivers and RF passengers is also calculated.
Incremental female fatality risk estimates versus males are reduced in newer MY vehicles. Incremental relative risks for female front-row occupants (average of drivers and right-front passengers) are found to be 19.9% (± 1.3) in fatal crashes in MY 1960-1999 vehicles, and 9.4% (± 2.2) percent in MY 2000-2020 vehicles. The difference in fatality risk between females and males is further reduced when looking at MY 2010-2020 vehicles (6.3 ± 5.4%) compared to MY 1960-2009 vehicles (18.3 ± 1.2%). Incremental fatality risk estimates also decrease in vehicles with newer generations of occupant protection systems regardless of MY. When occupants are belted in vehicles with the latest generation of modern occupant protection systems (dual air bags, seat belt pretensioners and load limiters), the estimated female fatality risk relative to males (average of drivers and right-front passengers) becomes 5.8% (± 3.8), which is lower than for belted occupants in vehicles without those occupant protections.
The disparity in fatality risk between males and females for the same physical impacts is reduced for later MY vehicles, as well as vehicles with more advanced occupant protection systems.
本文估计了性别对致命事故中驾驶员侧或右前乘客侧乘员死亡的影响的最新趋势。重点是比较具有先进乘员保护技术的最近车型年（MY）轻型车辆与没有这些保护措施的旧车辆在女性相对于男性的死亡率方面的差异。
使用 1975 年至 2019 年的致命事故分析报告系统（FARS）数据，使用逻辑回归模型和双对比较法计算女性相对于男性的死亡率风险估计值。这些估计值是在各种 MY 车辆和乘员保护系统组中计算的。观察到的乘员保护系统包括使用安全带，以及车辆中双安全气囊、预紧器和限载器的可用性。所有使用的车辆均包括 16 至 96 岁的乘员。研究的乘员包括前排乘员（驾驶员和右前（RF）乘客）。驾驶员和 RF 乘客之间的平均值也进行了计算。
在较新的 MY 车辆中，女性的死亡率风险估计值呈递增趋势。在 1960-1999 年 MY 车辆的致命事故中，发现女性前排乘员（驾驶员和右前乘客的平均值）的相对风险增加了 19.9%（±1.3），而在 2000-2020 年 MY 车辆中，该风险增加了 9.4%（±2.2）%。当观察 2010-2020 年 MY 车辆（6.3±5.4%）与 1960-2009 年 MY 车辆（18.3±1.2%）相比时，女性和男性之间的死亡率风险差异进一步减小。无论 MY 如何，随着新一代乘员保护系统的使用，增量死亡率风险估计值也会降低。当最新一代现代乘员保护系统（双安全气囊、安全带预紧器和限载器）的车辆中的乘员系好安全带时，女性相对于男性（驾驶员和右前乘客的平均值）的死亡率风险估计值变为 5.8%（±3.8），低于没有这些乘员保护措施的车辆中系安全带的乘员。
对于相同的物理冲击，后期 MY 车辆以及具有更先进乘员保护系统的车辆的男性和女性死亡率风险之间的差距有所缩小。
