正面碰撞中驾驶员和前排乘客的损伤：未系安全带的后排乘客的影响更新。

Driver and front passenger injury in frontal crashes: Update on the effect of unbelted rear occupants.

机构信息

a ProBiomechanics LLC , Bloomfield Hills , Michigan.

出版信息

Traffic Inj Prev. 2018 Jan 2;19(1):28-34. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1344355. Epub 2017 Jun 28.

DOI:10.1080/15389588.2017.1344355

PMID:28657420

Abstract

PURPOSE

This is a study of the influence of an unbelted rear occupant on the risk of severe injury to the front seat occupant ahead of them in frontal crashes. It provides an update to earlier studies.

METHODS

1997-2015 NASS-CDS data were used to investigate the risk for severe injury (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score [MAIS] 4+F) to belted drivers and front passengers in frontal crashes by the presence of a belted or unbelted passenger seated directly behind them or without a rear passenger. Frontal crashes were identified with GAD1 = F without rollover (rollover ≤ 0). Front and rear outboard occupants were included without ejection (ejection = 0). Injury severity was defined by MAIS and fatality (F) by TREATMNT = 1 or INJSEV = 4. Weighted data were determined. The risk for MAIS 4+F was determined using the number of occupants with known injury status MAIS 0+F. Standard errors were determined.

RESULTS

The risk for severe injury was 0.803 ± 0.263% for the driver with an unbelted left rear occupant and 0.100 ± 0.039% with a belted left rear occupant. The driver's risk was thus 8.01 times greater with an unbelted rear occupant than with a belted occupant (P <.001). With an unbelted right rear occupant behind the front passenger, the risk for severe injury was 0.277 ± 0.091% for the front passenger. The corresponding risk was 0.165 ± 0.075% when the right rear occupant was belted. The front passenger's risk was 1.68 times greater with an unbelted rear occupant behind them than a belted occupant (P <.001). The driver's risk for MAIS 4+F was highest when their seat was deformed forward. The risk was 9.94 times greater with an unbelted rear occupant than with a belted rear occupant when the driver's seat deformed forward. It was 13.4 ± 12.2% with an unbelted occupant behind them and 1.35 ± 0.95% with a belted occupant behind them.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent with prior literature, seat belt use by a rear occupant significantly lowered the risk for severe injury to belted occupants seated in front of them. The reduction was greater for drivers than for front passengers. It was 87.5% for the driver and 40.6% for the front passenger. These results emphasize the need for belt reminders in all seating positions.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在探讨正面碰撞中未系安全带的后排乘客对前排乘客严重受伤风险的影响。这是对早期研究的更新。

方法

使用 1997-2015 年 NASS-CDS 数据，通过存在系安全带或未系安全带的直接坐在他们后面的乘客或没有后排乘客，调查正面碰撞中系安全带的驾驶员和前排乘客严重受伤（最大简略损伤评分[MAIS]4+F）的风险。正面碰撞通过 GAD1 = F 且无翻车（翻车≤0）确定。包括前后外侧乘客，且无抛射（抛射=0）。损伤严重程度通过 MAIS 定义，死亡（F）通过 TREATMNT = 1 或 INJSEV = 4 定义。确定了加权数据。使用已知损伤状态 MAIS 0+F 的乘客数量确定 MAIS 4+F 的风险。确定了标准误差。

结果

未系安全带的左后排乘客的驾驶员严重受伤风险为 0.803±0.263%，系安全带的左后排乘客的风险为 0.100±0.039%。因此，未系安全带的后排乘客的风险比系安全带的乘客高 8.01 倍（P<0.001）。当右后排乘客在乘客前时，前排乘客严重受伤的风险为 0.277±0.091%。当右后排乘客系安全带时，对应的风险为 0.165±0.075%。未系安全带的后排乘客在乘客后面的风险比系安全带的乘客高 1.68 倍（P<0.001）。当驾驶员座椅向前变形时，驾驶员的 MAIS 4+F 风险最高。当驾驶员座椅向前变形时，未系安全带的后排乘客的风险比系安全带的后排乘客高 9.94 倍。当未系安全带的乘客在他们后面时，风险为 13.4±12.2%，当系安全带的乘客在他们后面时，风险为 1.35±0.95%。