Rastogi Ashok, Bashar Md Abu, Sheikh Nishat Ahmed
Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND.
Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND.
Cureus. 2023 May 2;15(5):e38459. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38459. eCollection 2023 May.
Background Identification of an individual plays a vital part in any medicolegal investigation. The fingerprint is one of the oldest and most reliable biometric methods and is taken as legitimate proof of identification of an individual. Positive relationships between the fingerprint pattern and blood group and the fingerprint pattern and gender were demonstrated in some of the previous studies but weren't consistent across them. Objectives (a) To study the distribution of fingerprint patterns among the study participants by gender and ABO and Rh blood groups and (b) to find an association between the fingerprint pattern and gender and blood group. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the year 2021 on 800 healthcare students and workers of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, Eastern India having different ABO and Rh blood groups. Healthy individuals i.e., those who were not suffering from any illness which can affect the fingerprints, aged 18 years or above were included and individuals having hand or finger deformities or missing fingers, having an allergy to the ink pad, and having blood group diseases were excluded. Rolled imprints of all the 10 digits of the participants were taken on a white A4 size Performa and were classified into loops, whorl, arches, and composite. The distribution of the fingerprint patterns was then compared by gender, ABO and Rh blood group. Chi-square/Fischer exact tests were applied to compare two groups and find the association. P-value<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results The majority (66.0%) of the participants in the study were males with a male: female ratio of 1.9:1. Most common blood group was blood group B (37.7%) followed by O (29.8%), A (23.0%), and AB (9.5%). Rh-positive cases constituted around 96% of all the studied cases with the rest being Rh-ve. The general distribution of the fingerprint pattern showed a high frequency of loops registering 55.9%; followed by whorls (34.9%), arches (6.0%), and composite (3.1%). The distribution of fingerprint patterns among the male and female gender was found to be similar with no significant difference (p=0.11). However, the distribution of the finger patterns across the ABO blood groups showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.0003) whereas it was non-significant across the Rh blood groups (p=0.08). Conclusion This study concludes that the distribution of the primary fingerprint patterns relates to the "ABO" blood group but not to gender and Rh blood group. An individual's fingerprints may be used to predict his/her blood group and vice versa.
背景
个体识别在任何法医学调查中都起着至关重要的作用。指纹是最古老且最可靠的生物识别方法之一，被视为个体身份识别的合法证据。先前的一些研究表明指纹模式与血型以及指纹模式与性别之间存在正相关关系，但这些研究结果并不一致。
目的
（a）按性别以及ABO和Rh血型研究研究参与者中指纹模式的分布情况；（b）找出指纹模式与性别和血型之间的关联。
方法
2021年对印度东部比哈尔邦巴特那全印医学科学研究所的800名医护学生和工作人员进行了一项横断面观察研究，这些人员具有不同的ABO和Rh血型。纳入健康个体，即年龄在18岁及以上且未患有任何可能影响指纹的疾病的人，排除有手部或手指畸形、手指缺失、对印泥过敏以及患有血型疾病的个体。在白色A4尺寸的表格上采集参与者10个手指的滚动印记，并将其分类为箕形纹、斗形纹、弓形纹和复合纹。然后按性别、ABO和Rh血型比较指纹模式的分布情况。应用卡方检验/费舍尔精确检验来比较两组并找出关联。P值<0.05被视为具有统计学意义。
结果
研究中的大多数参与者（66.0%）为男性，男女比例为1.9:1。最常见的血型是B型血（37.7%），其次是O型血（29.8%）、A型血（23.0%）和AB型血（9.5%）。Rh阳性病例约占所有研究病例的96%，其余为Rh阴性。指纹模式的总体分布显示箕形纹出现频率较高，为55.9%；其次是斗形纹（34.9%）、弓形纹（6.0%）和复合纹（3.1%）。发现男女之间指纹模式的分布相似，无显著差异（p = 0.11）。然而，不同ABO血型之间指纹模式的分布存在统计学显著差异（p = 0.0003），而不同Rh血型之间则无显著差异（p = 0.08）。
结论
本研究得出结论，主要指纹模式的分布与“ABO”血型有关，而与性别和Rh血型无关。个体的指纹可用于预测其血型，反之亦然。
