Shah Rehan, Khan Raham Sher, Jan Amin Ullah, Ullah Sadeeq, Ditta Allah, Islam Ziaul, Ullah Rahim, Ullah Raza, Soufan Walid, Almutairi Khalid F, Rajendran Karthika, Elango Dinakaran, El Sabagh Ayman
Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK 23200, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan.
ACS Omega. 2023 May 15;8(21):18940-18950. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01429. eCollection 2023 May 30.
Heavy metal contamination in soil, such as cadmium (Cd), poses a serious threat to global food security and human health. It must be managed using environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies. Plants with high resistance to Cd stress and high biomass production could be potential candidates for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils to improve Cd phytoextraction. In this regard, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of gibberellic acid (GA), indole acetic acid (IAA), and fertilizers (N, P, and K) on growth and biomass production as well as Cd phytoextraction capabilities. A pot experiment was conducted with various combinations of PGRs and fertilizers, with treatments arranged in five replicates using a completely randomized design. After harvesting, each plant was divided into various parts such as stems, roots, and leaves, and different growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters were recorded. Results showed that under Cd stress, growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters were all significantly decreased. With the combined application of plant growth regulators (GA and IAA) and nutrients, Cd stress was alleviated and all parameters significantly improved. In comparison to the control treatment, the combined application of N + P + K + GA + IAA resulted in the highest fresh and dry biomass production of the root (12.31 and 5.11 g pot), shoot (19. 69 and 6.99 g pot), leaves (16.56 and 7.09 g pot), and entire plant (48.56 and 19.19 g pot). Similarly, the same treatment resulted in higher chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll contents under Cd stress, which were 2.19, 2.03, and 3.21 times higher than the control, which was Cd stress without any treatment. The combination of N + P + K + GA + IAA also resulted in the highest proline and phenolic contents. In the case of different enzyme activities, the combined application of N + P + K + GA + IAA under Cd stress led to a high increase in catalase (2.5 times), superoxide (3.5 times), and peroxidase (3.7 times) compared to the control. With the combined application of N+ P+ K + GA + IAA, the maximum values of BCF (8.25), BAC (2.6), and RF (5.14%) were measured for phytoextraction potential. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that has a high potential to grow, produce the most biomass, and act as a Cd hyperaccumulator in Cd-contaminated soil.
土壤中的重金属污染，如镉（Cd），对全球粮食安全和人类健康构成严重威胁。必须采用环境友好且经济高效的技术对其进行治理。对Cd胁迫具有高抗性且生物量产量高的植物可能是用于Cd污染土壤植物修复以提高Cd植物提取能力的潜在候选植物。在这方面，本研究旨在确定赤霉素（GA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）和肥料（N、P和K）对生长、生物量生产以及Cd植物提取能力的影响。采用完全随机设计，对植物生长调节剂和肥料的各种组合进行盆栽试验，每个处理设置五个重复。收获后，将每株植物分为茎、根和叶等不同部分，并记录不同的生长、生理和生化参数。结果表明，在Cd胁迫下，生长、生理和生化参数均显著下降。通过联合施用植物生长调节剂（GA和IAA）和养分，Cd胁迫得到缓解，所有参数均显著改善。与对照处理相比，N + P + K + GA + IAA联合施用导致根的鲜重和干重生物量最高（分别为12.31和5.11 g/盆）、地上部分（分别为19.69和6.99 g/盆）、叶（分别为16.56和7.09 g/盆）以及整株植物（分别为48.56和19.19 g/盆）。同样，相同处理在Cd胁迫下导致叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量更高，分别比未进行任何处理的Cd胁迫对照高2.19倍、2.03倍和3.21倍。N + P + K + GA + IAA组合还导致脯氨酸和酚类含量最高。在不同酶活性方面，与对照相比，Cd胁迫下N + P + K + GA + IAA联合施用导致过氧化氢酶（2.5倍）、超氧化物歧化酶（3.5倍）和过氧化物酶（3.7倍）大幅增加。通过N + P + K + GA + IAA联合施用，测得植物提取潜力的最大生物富集系数（BCF）为8.25、生物积累系数（BAC）为2.6和转运系数（RF）为5.14%。基于这些发现，可以得出结论，[植物名称未给出]在Cd污染土壤中具有高生长潜力、能产生最多生物量并可作为Cd超富集植物。
