School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Apr;28(15):18870-18892. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12487-8. Epub 2021 Feb 14.
Arsenic (As) bioremediation has been an economical and sustainable approach, being practiced widely under several As-contaminated environments. Bioremediation of As involves the use of bacteria, fungi, yeast, plants, and genetically modified organisms for detoxification/removal of As from the contaminated site. The understanding of multi-factorial biological components involved in these approaches is complex and more and more efforts are on their way to make As bioremediation economical and efficient. In this regard, we systematically reviewed the recent literature (n=200) from the last two decades regarding As bioremediation potential of conventional and recent technologies including genetically modified plants for phytoremediation and integrated approaches. Also, the responsible mechanisms behind different approaches have been identified. From the literature, it was found that As bioremediation through biosorption, bioaccumulation, phytoextraction, and volatilization involving As-resistant microbes has proved a very successful technology. However, there are various pathways of As tolerance of which the mechanisms have not been fully understood. Recently, phytosuction separation technology has been introduced and needs further exploration. Also, integrated approaches like phytobial, constructed wetlands using As-resistant bacteria with plant growth-promoting activities have not been extensively studied. It is speculated that the integrated bioremediation approaches with practical applicability and reliability would prove most promising for As remediation. Further technological advancements would help explore the identified research gaps in different approaches and lead us toward sustainability and perfection in As bioremediation.
砷（As）的生物修复是一种经济且可持续的方法，在多个受 As 污染的环境中得到了广泛应用。砷的生物修复涉及使用细菌、真菌、酵母、植物和基因修饰生物体来从污染现场解毒/去除砷。这些方法中涉及的多因素生物成分的理解非常复杂，越来越多的努力正在朝着使砷生物修复经济高效的方向发展。在这方面，我们系统地回顾了过去二十年中关于常规和新技术（包括基因修饰植物的植物修复和综合方法）的 As 生物修复潜力的最新文献（n=200）。还确定了不同方法背后的负责机制。从文献中可以发现，通过耐砷微生物的生物吸附、生物积累、植物提取和挥发作用进行的 As 生物修复已经证明是一项非常成功的技术。然而，As 耐受有各种途径，其机制尚未完全理解。最近，引入了植物抽吸分离技术，需要进一步探索。此外，像植物-微生物、利用具有植物生长促进活性的耐砷细菌的人工湿地等综合方法尚未得到广泛研究。有人推测，具有实际应用和可靠性的综合生物修复方法将最有希望用于 As 的修复。进一步的技术进步将有助于探索不同方法中已确定的研究差距，并使我们朝着 As 生物修复的可持续性和完善性方向发展。
