International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10004.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Jun 13;120(24):e2216612120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2216612120. Epub 2023 Jun 5.
Nanobodies bind a target antigen with a kinetic profile similar to a conventional antibody, but exist as a single heavy chain domain that can be readily multimerized to engage antigen via multiple interactions. Presently, most nanobodies are produced by immunizing camelids; however, platforms for animal-free production are growing in popularity. Here, we describe the development of a fully synthetic nanobody library based on an engineered human V3-23 variable gene and a multispecific antibody-like format designed for biparatopic target engagement. To validate our library, we selected nanobodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain and employed an on-yeast epitope binning strategy to rapidly map the specificities of the selected nanobodies. We then generated antibody-like molecules by replacing the V and V domains of a conventional antibody with two different nanobodies, designed as a molecular clamp to engage the receptor-binding domain biparatopically. The resulting bispecific tetra-nanobody immunoglobulins neutralized diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants with potencies similar to antibodies isolated from convalescent donors. Subsequent biochemical analyses confirmed the accuracy of the on-yeast epitope binning and structures of both individual nanobodies, and a tetra-nanobody immunoglobulin revealed that the intended mode of interaction had been achieved. This overall workflow is applicable to nearly any protein target and provides a blueprint for a modular workflow for the development of multispecific molecules.
纳米抗体与传统抗体具有相似的动力学特征,可以结合目标抗原,但它只存在一个重链结构域,可以通过多个相互作用来多聚化结合抗原。目前,大多数纳米抗体是通过免疫骆驼科动物产生的;然而,无动物生产平台越来越受欢迎。在这里,我们描述了一种完全基于工程化人类 V3-23 可变基因和一种设计用于双价靶点结合的多特异性抗体样结构的全合成纳米抗体文库的开发。为了验证我们的文库,我们选择了针对 SARS-CoV-2 受体结合域的纳米抗体,并采用酵母表位 binning 策略快速绘制所选纳米抗体的特异性。然后,我们通过用两个不同的纳米抗体取代传统抗体的 V 和 V 结构域,设计成分子夹以双价方式结合受体结合域,从而生成类似抗体的分子。所得的双特异性四价纳米抗体免疫球蛋白以与从康复供体中分离的抗体相似的效力中和了多种 SARS-CoV-2 变体。随后的生化分析证实了酵母表位 binning 的准确性以及单个纳米抗体的结构,并且四价纳米抗体免疫球蛋白表明已经实现了预期的相互作用模式。这种整体工作流程适用于几乎任何蛋白质靶标,并为多特异性分子的模块化工作流程开发提供了蓝图。