College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
EPSRC ''Frontier Engineering'' Centre for Nature Inspired Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
Chem Soc Rev. 2023 Jun 19;52(12):3991-4005. doi: 10.1039/d2cs00627h.
Surface barriers to mass transfer in various nanoporous materials have been increasingly identified. These past few years especially, a significant impact on catalysis and separations has come to light. Broadly speaking, there are two types of barriers: internal barriers, which affect intraparticle diffusion, and external barriers, which determine the uptake and release rates of molecules into and out of the material. Here, we review the literature on surface barriers to mass transfer in nanoporous materials and describe how the existence and influence of surface barriers has been characterized, aided by molecular simulations and experimental measurements. As this is a complex, evolving research topic, without consensus from the scientific community at the time of writing, we present various current viewpoints, not always in agreement, on the origin, nature, and function of such barriers in catalysis and separation. We also emphasize the need for considering all the elementary steps of the mass transfer process in optimally designing new nanoporous and hierarchically structured adsorbents and catalysts.
已经越来越多地发现各种纳米多孔材料中存在传质的表面障碍。特别是在过去的几年中，表面障碍对催化和分离的影响已经凸显出来。广义上讲，有两种类型的障碍：内部障碍，影响颗粒内扩散；外部障碍，决定分子进入和离开材料的吸收和释放速率。在这里，我们回顾了关于纳米多孔材料中传质表面障碍的文献，并描述了如何通过分子模拟和实验测量来描述和表征表面障碍的存在和影响。由于这是一个复杂的、不断发展的研究课题，在撰写本文时，科学界尚未达成共识，因此我们提出了目前在催化和分离中关于这些障碍的起源、性质和功能的各种不同观点，并不总是一致。我们还强调需要考虑传质过程的所有基本步骤，以优化设计新型纳米多孔和分级结构的吸附剂和催化剂。
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