Pediatr Ann. 2023 Jun;52(6):e207-e212. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20230411-02. Epub 2023 Jun 1.
In the quest for winning the game, some athletes take various chemicals (ie, drugs, herbs, or supplements) in attempts to develop greater strength, endurance, or other elements that bring a competitive advantage. There are more than 30,000 chemicals sold throughout the world with unrestrained and unproven claims; however, some athletes consume them with hopes of increasing their athletic abilities, often without knowledge of the potential adverse effects and with limited evidence of efficacy. Complicating this picture is that research on ergogenic chemicals is typically conducted with elite adult male athletes and not with athletes who are in high school. A few of these ergogenic aids include creatine, anabolic androgenic steroids, selective androgen receptor modulators, clenbuterol, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, human growth hormone, ephedrine, gamma hydroxybutyrate, caffeine, stimulants (amphetamines or methylphenidate), and blood doping. In this article, we describe the purpose of ergogenic aids as well as the potential side effects. .
在追求赢得比赛的过程中，一些运动员会服用各种化学物质（例如药物、草药或补充剂），试图提高力量、耐力或其他具有竞争优势的因素。全球有超过 30000 种化学物质在不受限制和未经证实的情况下销售，但一些运动员希望通过服用这些物质来提高运动能力，往往对潜在的不良反应一无所知，并且缺乏有效性的证据。使情况变得复杂的是，对促进运动能力的化学物质的研究通常是针对精英成年男性运动员进行的，而不是针对高中生运动员进行的。其中一些促进运动能力的辅助剂包括肌酸、合成代谢雄激素类固醇、选择性雄激素受体调节剂、克仑特罗、雄烯二酮、脱氢表雄酮、人生长激素、麻黄碱、γ-羟基丁酸、咖啡因、兴奋剂（安非他命或哌醋甲酯）和血液兴奋剂。在本文中，我们描述了促进运动能力的辅助剂的目的以及潜在的副作用。
