Fucini Giovanni-Battista, Geffers Christine, Schwab Frank, Behnke Michael, Moellmann Julia, Sunder Wolfgang, Gastmeier Petra
Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Deutschland.
Nationales Referenzzentrum für Krankenhausinfektionen (NRZ), Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Deutschland.
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2024 Feb;119(1):27-38. doi: 10.1007/s00063-023-01022-x. Epub 2023 Jun 6.
Intensive care unit (ICU) structural and spatial design may play a role in infection prevention and control.
Between 09/2021 and 11/2021 we performed an online survey among ICUs in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
A total of 597 (40%) of the invited ICUs answered the survey; 20% of the ICUs were built before 1990. The median number of single rooms with interquartile range is 4 (IQR 2-6). The median total room number is 8 (IQR 6-12). The median room size is 19 (IQR 16-22) m for single rooms and 31 (26-37.5) m for multiple bed rooms. Furthermore, 80% of ICUs have sinks and 86.4% have heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems in patient rooms. 54.6% of ICUs must store materials outside of storage rooms due to lack of space and only 33.5% have a room dedicated to disinfection and cleaning of used medical devices. Comparing ICUs built before 1990 and after 2011 we could show a slightly increase of single rooms (3 [IQR 2-5] before 1990 vs. 5 [IQR 2-8] after 2011; p < 0.001).
A large proportion of German ICUs do not meet the requirements of German professional societies regarding the number of single rooms and size of the patient rooms. Many ICUs lack storage space and other functional rooms.
There is an urgent need to support the construction and renovation of intensive care units in Germany with adequate funding.
重症监护病房（ICU）的结构和空间设计可能在感染预防与控制中发挥作用。
在2021年9月至2021年11月期间，我们对德国、奥地利和瑞士的ICU进行了一项在线调查。
共有597家（40%）受邀的ICU回复了调查；20%的ICU建于1990年之前。单人间数量的中位数及四分位间距为4间（四分位间距2 - 6间）。房间总数的中位数为8间（四分位间距6 - 12间）。单人间的房间大小中位数为19平方米（四分位间距16 - 22平方米），多人间为31平方米（26 - 37.5平方米）。此外，80%的ICU有洗手池，86.4%的ICU病房有供暖、通风和空调（HVAC）系统。54.6%的ICU因空间不足必须在储物室外存放物资，只有33.5%有专门用于消毒和清洁用过的医疗设备的房间。比较1990年之前和2011年之后建成的ICU，我们发现单人间数量略有增加（1990年之前为3间[四分位间距2 - 5间]，2011年之后为5间[四分位间距2 - 8间]；p < 0.001）。
德国很大一部分ICU在单人间数量和病房大小方面不符合德国专业协会的要求。许多ICU缺乏储物空间和其他功能房间。
迫切需要提供充足资金支持德国重症监护病房的建设和翻新。
