Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
PathoSense BV, 2500, Lier, Belgium.
Vet Res. 2023 Jun 6;54(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s13567-023-01176-8.
Cephalosporins are licensed for treatment of severe bacterial infections in different species. However, the effect of these antimicrobials on the fecal microbiome and potential spread of resistance-associated genes causes great concern. This highlights the need to understand the impact of cephalosporins on the porcine fecal microbiome and resistome. A combination of long-read 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was applied to investigate the effect of conventional treatment with either ceftiofur (3 mg.kg intramuscular, 3 consecutive days) or cefquinome (2 mg.kg intramuscular, 5 consecutive days) on the porcine microbiome and resistome. Fecal samples were collected from 17 pigs (6 ceftiofur treated, 6 cefquinome treated, 5 control pigs) at four different timepoints. Treatment with ceftiofur resulted in an increase in Proteobacteria members on microbiome level, while on resistome level selection in TetQ containing Bacteroides, CfxA6 containing Prevotella and bla containing Escherichia coli was observed. Cefquinome treatment resulted in a decline in overall species richness (α-diversity) and increase in Proteobacteria members. On genus level, administration of cefquinome significantly affected more genera than ceftiofur (18 vs 8). On resistome level, cefquinome resulted in a significant increase of six antimicrobial resistance genes, with no clear correlation with certain genera. For both antimicrobials, the resistome levels returned back to the control levels 21 days post-treatment. Overall, our study provides novel insights on the effect of specific cephalosporins on the porcine gut microbiome and resistome after conventional intramuscular treatment. These results might contribute to better tailoring of the most ideal treatment strategy for some bacterial infections.
头孢菌素被批准用于治疗不同物种的严重细菌感染。然而，这些抗生素对粪便微生物组的影响以及潜在的耐药相关基因的传播引起了极大的关注。这凸显了了解头孢菌素对猪粪便微生物组和耐药组的影响的必要性。本研究采用长读 16S rRNA 基因和 shotgun 宏基因组测序相结合的方法，研究了常规肌内注射头孢噻呋（3mg.kg，连续 3 天）或头孢喹肟（2mg.kg，连续 5 天）治疗对猪微生物组和耐药组的影响。从 17 头猪（6 头头孢噻呋治疗，6 头头孢喹肟治疗，5 头对照猪）中收集粪便样本，在四个不同时间点采集。头孢噻呋治疗导致微生物组水平上的变形菌成员增加，而耐药组水平上则观察到含有 TetQ 的拟杆菌、含有 CfxA6 的普雷沃氏菌和含有 bla 的大肠杆菌的选择。头孢喹肟治疗导致总物种丰富度（α-多样性）下降，变形菌成员增加。在属水平上，头孢喹肟的给药比头孢噻呋显著影响更多的属（18 个 vs 8 个）。在耐药组水平上，头孢喹肟导致 6 种抗生素耐药基因显著增加，与某些属没有明显相关性。对于这两种抗生素，治疗后 21 天，耐药组水平恢复到对照水平。总之，本研究为特定头孢菌素在常规肌内治疗后对猪肠道微生物组和耐药组的影响提供了新的见解。这些结果可能有助于更好地制定某些细菌感染的理想治疗策略。
