Lassmann Hans
Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Free Neuropathol. 2021 Jan 12;2:1. doi: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2021-3166. eCollection 2021 Jan.
Key requirements for the validity of a neuropathological study are the inclusion of large numbers of biopsy or autopsy cases and proper controls, the rigorous classification of the basic neuropathology and the selection of the most suitable technologies for investigation. Whether the studies are performed with the fanciest, new, and state of the art technology or with rather conventional methodology is of minor importance. Following these criteria, a spectrum of neuropathological studies has been published in 2020, which provides new insights on important questions related to neurological disease. They include the pathological substrate of brain disease in COVID-19 infected patients, the nature of the adaptive and innate inflammatory response, or the type and mechanisms of tissue injury and repair in multiple sclerosis, and diagnostically relevant or mechanistic new insights into antibody-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. Other studies describe in detail the dynamic changes of brain inflammation in patients with trisomy 21 as a disease model for Alzheimer's disease, or the presence and consequences of vascular comorbidities in a chronic inflammatory disease, such as multiple sclerosis. All these contributions have provided important, highly relevant clues for basic and translational neuroscience.
神经病理学研究有效性的关键要求包括纳入大量活检或尸检病例及适当的对照、对基本神经病理学进行严格分类以及选择最合适的研究技术。这些研究是采用最先进、最新的技术，还是采用较为传统的方法，相对来说并不重要。遵循这些标准，2020年发表了一系列神经病理学研究，这些研究为与神经疾病相关的重要问题提供了新的见解。它们包括新冠病毒感染患者脑部疾病的病理基础、适应性和先天性炎症反应的性质、多发性硬化症中组织损伤和修复的类型及机制，以及对中枢神经系统抗体介导疾病的诊断相关或机制方面的新见解。其他研究详细描述了作为阿尔茨海默病疾病模型的21三体综合征患者脑部炎症的动态变化，或慢性炎症性疾病（如多发性硬化症）中血管合并症的存在及其后果。所有这些研究成果都为基础神经科学和转化神经科学提供了重要且高度相关的线索。
