Canadian Institutes of Health Research-funded fellow at the Patient-Reported Outcomes, Value, and Experience Center at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.
Assistant professor of plastic and gender affirmation surgery at Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington Medical Center.
AMA J Ethics. 2023 Jun 1;25(6):E421-430. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2023.421.
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires that assess how patients feel and function. PROMs should be developed and validated using a mixed methods, multistep approach with extensive patient input to ensure that they are easy to understand, comprehensive, and relevant. PROMs that are specific to gender-affirming care (including surgery), such as the GENDER-Q, can be used to educate patients, align patients' goals and preferences with realistic expectations about the surgical procedures' purposes and outcomes, and conduct comparative effectiveness research. PROM data can contribute to evidence-based, shared decision making and just access to gender-affirming surgical care.
患者报告结局测量（PROMs）是评估患者感受和功能的问卷。PROMs 的开发和验证应采用混合方法、多步骤方法，并广泛征求患者意见，以确保其易于理解、全面和相关。专门针对性别肯定护理（包括手术）的 PROM，如 GENDER-Q，可以用于教育患者，使患者的目标和偏好与手术程序的目的和结果的现实期望相一致，并进行比较有效性研究。PROM 数据可以为循证、共享决策和公正获得性别肯定手术护理做出贡献。
