Hoek Amber E, Dollee Nathalie, Prins Gerrie, Alsma Jelmer
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam. Afd. Spoedeisende Hulp.
Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, afd. Spoedeisend Hulp, Rotterdam.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2023 May 31;167:D7442.
Thermoregulation keeps the normal body temperature of humans at approximately 37 °C. However, as a result of heat load - both endogenous and exogenous heat - it can occur that the body is unable to dissipate excess heat, leading to an increase in the core body temperature. This can result in various heat illnesses, ranging from mild, non-life-threatening conditions, such as heat rash, heat edema, heat cramps, heat syncope and exercise associated collapse to life-threatening conditions, namely exertional heatstroke and classic heatstroke. Exertional heatstroke is the result of strenuous exercise in a (relatively) hot environment, whereas classic heatstroke is caused by environmental heat. Both forms result in a core temperature of > 40 °C in combination with a lowered or altered consciousness. Early recognition and treatment are critical in reducing morbidity and mortality. Cornerstone of treatment is cooling.
体温调节使人体的正常体温保持在大约37摄氏度。然而，由于热负荷——包括内源性和外源性热量——人体可能无法散发多余的热量，导致核心体温升高。这可能会引发各种热疾病，从轻微的、不危及生命的情况，如热疹、热水肿、热痉挛、热晕厥和运动相关虚脱，到危及生命的情况，即劳力性热射病和经典热射病。劳力性热射病是在（相对）炎热环境中剧烈运动的结果，而经典热射病是由环境热量引起的。两种形式都会导致核心体温高于40摄氏度，并伴有意识降低或改变。早期识别和治疗对于降低发病率和死亡率至关重要。治疗的基石是降温。
