Lamb Claire E, Watts Joy E M
Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Portsmouth, UK.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Environ Microbiome. 2023 Jun 8;18(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s40793-023-00508-7.
Marine sponges are diverse and functionally important members of marine benthic systems, well known to harbour complex and abundant symbiotic microorganisms as part of their species-specific microbiome. Changes in the sponge microbiome have previously been observed in relation to natural environmental changes, including nutrient availability, temperature and light. With global climate change altering seasonal temperatures, this study aims to better understand the potential effects of natural seasonal fluctuations on the composition and functions of the sponge microbiome.
Metataxonomic sequencing of two marine sponge species native to the U.K. (Hymeniacidon perlevis and Suberites massa) was performed at two different seasonal temperatures from the same estuary. A host-specific microbiome was observed in each species between both seasons. Detected diversity within S. massa was dominated by one family, Terasakiellaceae, with remaining dominant families also being detected in the associated seawater. H. perlevis demonstrated sponge specific bacterial families including aforementioned Terasakiellaceae as well as Sphingomonadaceae and Leptospiraceae with further sponge enriched families present.
To our knowledge, these results describe for the first time the microbial diversity of the temperate marine sponge species H. perlevis and S. massa using next generation sequencing. This analysis detected the presence of core sponge taxa identified in each sponge species was not changed by seasonal temperature alterations, however, there were shifts observed in overall community composition due to fluctuations in less abundant taxa, demonstrating that microbiome stability across seasons is likely to be host species specific.
海洋海绵是海洋底栖系统中种类多样且功能重要的成员，作为其物种特异性微生物组的一部分，它们以含有复杂且丰富的共生微生物而闻名。此前已观察到海绵微生物组的变化与自然环境变化有关，包括养分可用性、温度和光照。随着全球气候变化改变季节性温度，本研究旨在更好地了解自然季节性波动对海绵微生物组的组成和功能的潜在影响。
对原产于英国的两种海洋海绵物种（珍珠 Hymeniacidon perlevis 和块状 Suberites massa）在来自同一河口的两个不同季节温度下进行了宏分类测序。在两个季节的每个物种中都观察到了宿主特异性微生物组。在 S. massa 中检测到的多样性以一个科（Terasakiellaceae）为主，在相关海水中也检测到了其余的优势科。H. perlevis 展示了海绵特异性细菌科，包括上述的 Terasakiellaceae 以及鞘脂单胞菌科和钩端螺旋体科，还有其他海绵富集科。
据我们所知，这些结果首次使用下一代测序描述了温带海洋海绵物种 H. perlevis 和 S. massa 的微生物多样性。该分析检测到每个海绵物种中鉴定出的核心海绵分类群的存在并未因季节性温度变化而改变，然而，由于不太丰富的分类群的波动，观察到整体群落组成发生了变化，这表明跨季节的微生物组稳定性可能是宿主物种特异性的。
