四周静态与动态自身体重训练结合全身肌电刺激对跳跃和力量表现的影响:一项双臂、随机、对照试验。

Effects of Four Weeks of Static vs. Dynamic Bodyweight Exercises with Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Jump and Strength Performance: A Two-Armed, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

机构信息

Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sports University Cologne, Germany.

Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.

出版信息

J Sports Sci Med. 2023 Jun 1;22(2):226-234. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2023.226. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Abstract

The combination of strength training with complementary whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) and plyometric exercises has been shown to increase strength and jumping performance in athletes. In elite sport, however, the mesocycles of training are often organized according to block periodization. Furthermore, WB-EMS is often applied onto static strength exercises, which may hamper the transfer into more sport-specific tasks. Thus, this study aimed at investigating whether four weeks of strength training with complementary dynamic vs. static WB-EMS followed by a four-week block of plyometric training increases maximal strength and jumping performance. A total of n = 26 (13 female/13 male) trained adults (20.8 ± 2.2 years, 69.5 ± 9.5kg, 9.7 ± 6.1h of training/w) were randomly assigned to a static (STA) or volume-, load- and work-to-rest-ratio-matched dynamic training group (DYN). Before (PRE), after four weeks (three times weekly) of WB-EMS training (MID) and a subsequent four-week block (twice weekly) of plyometric training (POST), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at leg extension (LE), leg curl (LC) and leg press machines (LP) and jumping performance (SJ, Squat Jump; CMJ, counter-movement-jump; DJ, drop-jump) were assessed. Furthermore, perceived effort (RPE) was rated for each set and subsequently averaged for each session. MVC at LP notably increased between PRE and POST in both STA (2335 ± 539 vs. 2653 ± 659N, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.528) and DYN (2483 ± 714N vs. 2885 ± 843N, SMD = 0.515). Reactive strength index of DJ showed significant differences between STA and DYN at MID (162.2 ± 26.4 vs. 123.1 ± 26.5 cm·s, = 0.002, SMD = 1.478) and POST (166.1 ± 28.0 vs. 136.2 ± 31.7 cm·s, = 0.02, SMD = 0.997). Furthermore, there was a significant effect for RPE, with STA rating perceived effort higher than DYN (6.76 ± 0.32 vs. 6.33 ± 0.47 a.u., = 0.013, SMD = 1.058). When employing a training block of high-density WB-EMS both static and dynamic exercises lead to similar adaptations.

摘要

力量训练与补充全身肌电刺激(WB-EMS)和增强式练习相结合,已被证明可提高运动员的力量和跳跃表现。然而,在精英运动中,训练的中周期通常按照板块周期化组织。此外,WB-EMS 通常应用于静态力量练习,这可能会阻碍其向更具运动特异性的任务转移。因此,本研究旨在探讨四周的力量训练与补充动态与静态 WB-EMS 相结合,随后进行四周的增强式训练,是否会增加最大力量和跳跃表现。共有 26 名(13 名女性/13 名男性)受过训练的成年人(20.8 ± 2.2 岁,69.5 ± 9.5kg,9.7 ± 6.1h/周的训练)被随机分配到静态(STA)或体积、负荷和工作与休息比匹配的动态训练组(DYN)。在 WB-EMS 训练四周(每周三次)后的中间(MID)和随后的四周增强式训练(每周两次)后(POST),评估了腿部伸展(LE)、腿部卷曲(LC)和腿部按压机器(LP)的最大自主收缩(MVC)以及跳跃性能(SJ,深蹲跳;CMJ,反跳;DJ,下落跳)。此外,还对每个组的感知用力(RPE)进行了评估,随后对每个训练期进行了平均评估。LP 的 MVC 在 PRE 和 POST 之间均显著增加,在 STA(2335 ± 539 与 2653 ± 659N,标准化平均差异[SMD] = 0.528)和 DYN(2483 ± 714N 与 2885 ± 843N,SMD = 0.515)中均如此。DJ 的反应强度指数在 MID(162.2 ± 26.4 与 123.1 ± 26.5cm·s, = 0.002,SMD = 1.478)和 POST(166.1 ± 28.0 与 136.2 ± 31.7cm·s, = 0.02,SMD = 0.997)之间存在 STA 和 DYN 之间的显著差异。此外,RPE 也存在显著效果,STA 的感知用力评分高于 DYN(6.76 ± 0.32 与 6.33 ± 0.47a.u., = 0.013,SMD = 1.058)。当采用高密度 WB-EMS 训练块时,静态和动态练习都能产生相似的适应性。

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