Woosuk University, 443, Samnye-ro, Samnye-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55338, South Korea.
Kookmin University, 77 Jeongeung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
J Sports Sci Med. 2023 Jun 1;22(2):329-337. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2023.329. eCollection 2023 Jun.
This study investigated the impact of a 4-week dry-land short sprint interval program (sSIT) on a swim ergometer, when incorporated into long aerobic-dominant in-water swimming training, on the physiological parameters, hormonal factors, and swimming performance of well-trained swimmers. Sixteen participants (age = 25 ± 6 years, height = 183 ± 6 cm, weight 78 ± 6 kg, body fat = 10.6 ± 3.1%) were randomized to either a long aerobic-dominant in-pool training plus three sessions/week of sSIT or a control group (CON) who didn't engage in SIT. sSIT consisted of 3 sets of 10 × 4 s, 10 × 6 s, and 10 × 8 s sprints interspersed by 15, 60, and 40 s recovery between each sprint, respectively. Pre- and post-training assessments included peak oxygen uptake (V̇Opeak), Opulse (V̇O/HR), ventilation at V̇Opeak (V̇@V̇Opeak), peak and average power output, and freestyle swim performance at 50, 100, and 200-m distances, stroke rate, as well as testosterone and cortisol. sSIT resulted in significant improvements in V̇Opeak (5.8%), Opulse (4.7%), V̇@V̇Opeak (7.1%), peak and average power output (6.7% and 13.8%, respectively), total testosterone (20%), testosterone to cortisol ratio (16.1%), and 50, 100, and 200-m freestyle swimming performance (-2.2%, -1.2%, and -1.1%, respectively). Furthermore, the observed alterations in the physiological, biochemical, and performance adaptations were significantly more substantial in the sSIT group than the CON group ( ≤ 0.05), demonstrating no modifications during the 4-week long aerobic-dominant in-water swimming without sSIT. The current research effectively established that supplementing standard long aerobic-dominant in-water swim training with three weekly dry-land sSIT sessions triggers adaptive mechanisms that foster enhancements in the aerobic and anaerobic capacity and swimming performance in well-trained swimmers.
本研究旨在探讨在长时有氧主导的水中游泳训练中加入四周陆上短程冲刺间歇训练（sSIT）对优秀游泳运动员的生理参数、激素因素和游泳表现的影响。16 名参与者（年龄=25±6 岁，身高=183±6cm，体重 78±6kg，体脂=10.6±3.1%）被随机分为长时有氧主导的水中训练加每周三次 sSIT 组或对照组（CON，不进行 SIT）。sSIT 由 3 组 10×4s、10×6s 和 10×8s 的冲刺组成，每组冲刺之间分别穿插 15s、60s 和 40s 的恢复期。训练前后评估包括峰值摄氧量（V̇Opeak）、摄氧量/心率（Opulse）、峰值摄氧量时的通气量（V̇@V̇Opeak）、峰值和平均功率输出以及 50m、100m 和 200m 自由泳成绩、划频，以及睾酮和皮质醇。sSIT 显著提高了 V̇Opeak（5.8%）、Opulse（4.7%）、V̇@V̇Opeak（7.1%）、峰值和平均功率输出（6.7%和 13.8%）、总睾酮（20%）、睾酮/皮质醇比值（16.1%）以及 50m、100m 和 200m 自由泳成绩（分别为-2.2%、-1.2%和-1.1%）。此外，sSIT 组的这些生理、生化和性能适应性变化明显大于 CON 组（≤0.05），表明在 4 周的长时有氧主导的水中游泳中不进行 sSIT 不会发生变化。本研究有效证明，在标准的长时有氧主导的水中游泳训练中每周加入三次陆上 sSIT 训练可以触发适应机制，从而提高优秀游泳运动员的有氧和无氧能力以及游泳表现。
