Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, School of Humanity Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Sep;25(9):2392-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fb4a33.
Increasing the level of physical fitness for competition is the primary goal of any conditioning program for wrestlers. Wrestlers often need to peak for competitions several times over an annual training cycle. Additionally, the scheduling of these competitions does not always match an ideal periodization plan and may require a modified training program to achieve a high level of competitive fitness in a short-time frame. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of sprint-interval training (SIT) program, on selected aerobic and anaerobic performance indices, and hormonal and hematological adaptations, when added to the traditional Iranian training of wrestlers in their preseason phase. Fifteen trained wrestlers were assigned to either an experimental (EXP) or a control (CON) group. Both groups followed a traditional preparation phase consisting of learning and drilling technique, live wrestling and weight training for 4 weeks. In addition, the EXP group performed a running-based SIT protocol. The SIT consisted of 6 35-m sprints at maximum effort with a 10-second recovery between each sprint. The SIT protocol was performed in 2 sessions per week, for the 4 weeks of the study. Before and after the 4-week training program, pre and posttesting was performed on each subject on the following: a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine VO(2)max, the velocity associated with V(2)max (νVO(2)max), maximal ventilation, and peak oxygen pulse; a time to exhaustion test (T(max)) at their νVO(2)max; and 4 successive Wingate tests with a 4-minute recovery between each trial for the determination of peak and mean power output (PPO, MPO). Resting blood samples were also collected at the beginning of each pre and posttesting period, before and after the 4-week training program. The EXP group showed significant improvements in VO(2)max (+5.4%), peak oxygen pulse (+7.7%) and T(max) (+32.2%) compared with pretesting. The EXP group produced significant increases in PPO and MPO during the Wingate testing compared with pretesting (p < 0.05). After the 4-week training program, total testosterone and the total testosterone/cortisol ratio increased significantly in the EXP group, whereas cortisol tended to decrease (p = 0.06). The current findings indicate that the addition of an SIT program with short recovery can improve both aerobic and anaerobic performances in trained wrestlers during the preseason phase. The hormonal changes seen suggest training-induced anabolic adaptations.
提高运动员的竞技体能水平是摔跤运动员任何训练计划的首要目标。摔跤运动员通常需要在一个年度训练周期内多次达到比赛高峰。此外，这些比赛的安排并不总是与理想的周期化计划相匹配，可能需要修改训练计划，以在短时间内达到高水平的竞技体能。本研究的目的是检验在摔跤运动员的赛季前阶段，将 4 周的冲刺间歇训练（SIT）方案加入到传统的伊朗训练中，对某些有氧和无氧性能指标以及激素和血液学适应的影响。15 名训练有素的摔跤手被分配到实验组（EXP）或对照组（CON）。两组都遵循了一个传统的准备阶段，包括学习和操练技术、现场摔跤和举重 4 周。此外，实验组进行了基于跑步的 SIT 方案。SIT 由 6 次 35 米的最大努力冲刺组成，每次冲刺之间休息 10 秒。SIT 方案每周进行 2 次，共进行 4 周的研究。在 4 周的训练计划前后，对每个受试者进行了以下测试：递增运动测试（GXT）以确定最大摄氧量（VO2max）、与 VO2max 相关的速度（νVO2max）、最大通气量和峰值氧脉搏；在 νVO2max 时的最大耐力测试（T（max））；以及 4 次连续的 Wingate 测试，每次测试之间休息 4 分钟，以确定峰值和平均功率输出（PPO、MPO）。在每次预测试和后测试前，还在每个测试周期的开始时采集了休息时的血液样本。实验组在 VO2max（+5.4%）、峰值氧脉搏（+7.7%）和 T（max）（+32.2%）方面与前测相比有显著提高。实验组在 Wingate 测试中的 PPO 和 MPO 有显著增加（p<0.05）。经过 4 周的训练计划后，实验组的总睾酮和总睾酮/皮质醇比值显著增加，而皮质醇有下降趋势（p=0.06）。目前的研究结果表明，在赛季前阶段，加入具有短恢复期的 SIT 方案可以提高训练有素的摔跤运动员的有氧和无氧表现。所看到的激素变化表明训练引起的合成代谢适应。
