Sheykhlouvand Mohsen, Arazi Hamid, Astorino Todd A, Suzuki Katsuhiko
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, United States.
Front Physiol. 2022 Mar 10;13:850768. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.850768. eCollection 2022.
This study examined the effects of a resistance-type high-intensity interval training (RHIIT) matched with the lowest velocity that elicited O (100% O) in well-trained kayak sprint athletes. Responses in cardiac structure and function, cardiorespiratory fitness, anaerobic power, exercise performance, muscular strength, and hormonal adaptations were examined. Male kayakers ( = 24, age: 27 ± 4 years) were randomly assigned to one of three 8-wk conditions ( = 8): (RHIIT) resistance training using one-armed cable row at 100% O; paddling-based HIIT (PHIIT) six sets of paddling at 100% O; or controls (CON) who performed six sessions including 1-h on-water paddling/sessions at 70-80% maximum HR per week. Significant increases ( < 0.05) in O, O, maximal cardiac output, resting stroke volume, left ventricular end-systolic dimension, 500-m paddling performance were seen pre- to post-training in all groups. Change in O in response to PHIIT was significantly greater ( = 0.03) compared to CON. Also, 500-m paddling performance changes in response to PHIIT and RHIIT were greater ( = 0.02, 0.05, respectively) than that of CON. Compared with pre-training, PHIIT and RHIIT resulted in significant increases in peak and average power output, maximal stroke volume, end-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, total testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio, and 1,000-m paddling performance. Also, the change in 1,000-m paddling performance in response to PHIIT was significantly greater ( = 0.02) compared to that of CON. Moreover, maximum strength was significantly enhanced in response to RHIIT pre- to post-training ( < 0.05). Overall, RHIIT and PHIIT similarly improve cardiac structure and hemodynamics, physiological adaptations, and performance of well-trained kayak sprint athletes. Also, RHIIT enhances cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength simultaneously.
本研究考察了与引发最大摄氧量（VO₂max）的最低速度相匹配的抗阻式高强度间歇训练（RHIIT）对训练有素的皮划艇短距离冲刺运动员的影响。研究检测了心脏结构与功能、心肺适能、无氧功率、运动表现、肌肉力量和激素适应性方面的反应。男性皮划艇运动员（n = 24，年龄：27±4岁）被随机分配到三种为期8周的训练方案之一（每组n = 8）：（RHIIT）使用单臂绳索划船以最大摄氧量的100%进行抗阻训练；基于划桨的高强度间歇训练（PHIIT），以最大摄氧量的100%进行六组划桨训练；或对照组（CON），每周进行六次训练，包括每次1小时的水上划桨训练，心率维持在最大心率的70 - 80%。所有组在训练前到训练后，最大摄氧量（VO₂max）、峰值摄氧量（VO₂peak）、最大心输出量、静息每搏输出量、左心室收缩末期内径、500米划桨成绩均有显著提高（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，PHIIT组在最大摄氧量（VO₂max）方面的变化显著更大（P = 0.03）。此外，PHIIT组和RHIIT组在500米划桨成绩方面的变化比对照组更大（分别为P = 0.02和P = 0.05）。与训练前相比，PHIIT组和RHIIT组在峰值和平均功率输出、最大每搏输出量、舒张末期容积、射血分数、总睾酮、睾酮/皮质醇比值以及1000米划桨成绩方面均有显著提高。此外，与对照组相比，PHIIT组在1000米划桨成绩方面的变化显著更大（P = 0.02）。而且，RHIIT组在训练前到训练后最大力量显著增强（P < 0.05）。总体而言，RHIIT组和PHIIT组同样改善了训练有素的皮划艇短距离冲刺运动员的心脏结构和血液动力学、生理适应性以及运动表现。此外，RHIIT组同时提高了心肺适能和肌肉力量。
