Cui Zehao, Manthiram Arumugam
Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023 Oct 23;62(43):e202307243. doi: 10.1002/anie.202307243. Epub 2023 Jun 30.
LiNiO -based high-nickel layered oxide cathodes are regarded as promising cathode materials for high-energy-density automotive lithium batteries. Most of the attention thus far has been paid towards addressing their surface and structural instability issues brought by the increase of Ni content (>90 %) with an aim to enhance the cycle stability. However, the poor safety performance remains an intractable problem for their commercialization in the market, yet it has not received appropriate attention. In this review, we focus on the gas generation and thermal degradation behaviors of high-Ni cathodes, which are critical factors in determining their overall safety performance. A comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of outgassing and thermal runaway reactions is presented and analyzed from a chemistry perspective. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the insights into developing robust, safe high-Ni cathodes.
基于LiNiO的高镍层状氧化物阴极被视为用于高能量密度汽车锂电池的有前景的阴极材料。迄今为止，大部分注意力都集中在解决随着镍含量增加（>90%）所带来的表面和结构不稳定性问题上，目的是提高循环稳定性。然而，较差的安全性能仍然是它们在市场上商业化的一个棘手问题，且尚未得到应有的关注。在这篇综述中，我们聚焦于高镍阴极的气体生成和热降解行为，这些是决定其整体安全性能的关键因素。从化学角度对脱气和热失控反应的机理进行了全面概述并加以分析。最后，我们讨论了开发坚固、安全的高镍阴极所面临的挑战和见解。
