Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2023 Jun;82:102178. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102178. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are major lipid storage organelles, sequestering energy-rich triglycerides and serving as nutrient sinks for cellular homeostasis. Observed for over a century but generally ignored, LDs are now appreciated to play key roles in organismal physiology and disease. They also form numerous functional contacts with other organelles. Here, we highlight recent studies examining LDs from distinct perspectives of their life cycle: their biogenesis, "social" life as they interact with other organelles, and deaths via lipolysis or lipophagy. We also discuss recent work showing how changes in LD lipid content alter the biophysical phases of LD lipids, and how this may fine-tune the LD protein landscape and ultimately LD function.
脂滴 (LDs) 是主要的脂质储存细胞器，隔离富含能量的甘油三酯，并作为细胞内稳态的营养汇。尽管 LDs 已经被观察了一个多世纪，但一直被忽视，现在人们逐渐认识到它们在生物体生理学和疾病中发挥着关键作用。它们还与其他细胞器形成了许多功能性接触。在这里，我们从 LDs 的生命周期的不同角度来强调最近的研究：它们的生物发生，以及它们与其他细胞器相互作用的“社交”生活，还有通过脂解或自噬导致的死亡。我们还讨论了最近的工作，展示了 LD 脂质含量的变化如何改变 LD 脂质的生物物理相，以及这如何微调 LD 蛋白景观并最终影响 LD 功能。
