Singh Akash, Afshan Noor, Singh Anshuman, Singh Suraj Kumar, Yadav Sudhanshu, Kumar Manoj, Sarma Devojit Kumar, Verma Vinod
Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
Eur J Cell Biol. 2023 Jun;102(2):151329. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151329. Epub 2023 Jun 5.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Insulin replacement therapy is the current standard of care for T1D, but it has significant limitations. However, stem cell-based replacement therapy has the potential to restore β-cell function and achieve glycaemic control eradicating the necessity for drugs or injecting insulin externally. While significant progress has been made in preclinical studies, the clinical translation of stem cell therapy for T1D is still in its early stages. In continuation, further research is essentially required to determine the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapies and to develop strategies to prevent immune rejection of stem cell-derived β-cells. The current review highlights the current state of cellular therapies for T1D including, different types of stem cell therapies, gene therapy, immunotherapy, artificial pancreas, and cell encapsulation being investigated, and their potential for clinical translation.
1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征是胰腺β细胞被破坏，导致胰岛素缺乏。胰岛素替代疗法是目前治疗T1D的标准方法，但它有显著局限性。然而，基于干细胞的替代疗法有恢复β细胞功能并实现血糖控制的潜力，从而消除药物治疗或外部注射胰岛素的必要性。虽然临床前研究已取得重大进展，但T1D干细胞疗法的临床转化仍处于早期阶段。接下来，本质上还需要进一步研究以确定干细胞疗法的安全性和有效性，并制定防止干细胞衍生β细胞免疫排斥的策略。本综述重点介绍了T1D细胞疗法的现状，包括正在研究的不同类型的干细胞疗法、基因疗法、免疫疗法、人工胰腺和细胞封装，以及它们临床转化的潜力。
