Aubel Amanda J, Bruns Angela, Zhang Xiaoya, Buggs Shani, Kravitz-Wirtz Nicole
Violence Prevention Research Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
Department of Sociology and Criminology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave, Spokane, WA, 99258, USA.
Inj Epidemiol. 2023 Jun 9;10(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s40621-023-00435-8.
Living near an incident of firearm violence can negatively impact youth, regardless of whether the violence is experienced firsthand. Inequities in household and neighborhood resources may affect the prevalence and consequences of exposure across racial/ethnic groups.
Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study and the Gun Violence Archive, we estimate that approximately 1 in 4 adolescents in large US cities lived within 800 m (0.5 miles) of a past-year firearm homicide during 2014-17. Exposure risk decreased as household income and neighborhood collective efficacy increased, though stark racial/ethnic inequities remained. Across racial/ethnic groups, adolescents in poor households in moderate or high collective efficacy neighborhoods had a similar risk of past-year firearm homicide exposure as middle-to-high income adolescents in low collective efficacy neighborhoods.
Empowering communities to build and leverage social ties may be as impactful for reducing firearm violence exposure as income supports. Comprehensive violence prevention efforts should include systems-level strategies that jointly strengthen family and community resources.
生活在枪支暴力事件附近会对青少年产生负面影响，无论他们是否亲身经历过暴力。家庭和社区资源的不平等可能会影响不同种族/族裔群体接触暴力的发生率和后果。
利用家庭与儿童福祉未来研究及枪支暴力档案的数据，我们估计在2014 - 2017年期间，美国大城市中约四分之一的青少年居住在过去一年发生枪支杀人案地点800米（0.5英里）范围内。随着家庭收入和社区集体效能的提高，接触风险降低，尽管明显的种族/族裔不平等仍然存在。在所有种族/族裔群体中，生活在集体效能中等或较高社区的贫困家庭青少年，过去一年接触枪支杀人案的风险与生活在集体效能较低社区的中高收入青少年相似。
增强社区建立和利用社会联系的能力，对于减少枪支暴力接触可能与收入支持同样有效。全面的暴力预防措施应包括共同加强家庭和社区资源的系统层面策略。
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