Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
J Urban Health. 2020 Apr;97(2):296-305. doi: 10.1007/s11524-020-00424-y.
Firearm violence is a leading public health issue that contributes to significant health inequalities within communities. Relatively little is known about the community-level social processes that occur at the street segment level and contributed to the community variation of firearm violence. This study examines the spatial patterns of firearm shooting events on street segments and the associated community-level social processes at both the street segment and neighborhood level. Multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to assess the relationship between measures of social disorder, physical disorder, and collective efficacy at the street segment-level and neighborhood-level measures of social disorganization theory. The results demonstrate that firearm shooting events occur on a small number of street segments across the city. Street segments with higher levels of social and physical disorder, along with lower levels of collective efficacy, are expected to have higher rates of firearm shooting events when accounting for neighborhood-level measures. Overall, the findings indicate specific street segments are experiencing higher rates of firearm shooting events and that these events are influenced by social processes. Prevention efforts should be focused on street segments experiencing higher rates of shootings.
枪支暴力是一个主要的公共卫生问题，导致社区内部存在严重的健康不平等。相对较少的人了解在街道地段层面发生的社区层面的社会过程，这些过程促成了枪支暴力的社区差异。本研究考察了街道地段上枪支射击事件的空间模式，以及街道地段和邻里层面的社会混乱理论的社区层面的相关社会过程。多水平混合效应泊松回归用于评估街道地段层面的社会混乱、物质混乱和集体效能措施与邻里层面的社会解体理论措施之间的关系。结果表明，枪支射击事件发生在城市中的少数几个街道地段上。社会和物质混乱程度较高，集体效能水平较低的街道地段，在考虑邻里层面的措施时，预计枪支射击事件的发生率会更高。总的来说，研究结果表明，特定的街道地段正在经历更高的枪支射击事件发生率，而这些事件受到社会过程的影响。预防工作应集中在经历更高枪击率的街道地段上。
