School of Business, Economics, and Society, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90403 Nürnberg, Germany.
Department of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jun 1;20(11):6028. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20116028.
Unemployment is known to have negative effects on mental and physical health. Yet, the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the health of unemployed people is unclear. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of extant intervention studies with at least two measurement points and a control group. A literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO in December 2021 identified 34 eligible primary studies with 36 independent samples. For mental health, the average meta-analytic effect sizes for the comparison of the intervention group and the control group were significant and of small size after the intervention, = 0.22; 95% CI [0.08, 0.36], as well as at follow-up, = 0.11; 95% CI [0.07, 0.16]. Effects on self-assessed physical health status were small and marginally significant ( = 0.10) after the intervention: = 0.09; 95% CI [-0.02, 0.20], and insignificant at follow-up. However, when job search training was not part of the intervention program (i.e., all available resources were used solely for health promotion), the average effect size for physical health was significant after the intervention, = 0.17; 95% CI [0.07, 0.27]. Furthermore, the effects of physical activity promotion were significant and of small-to-medium size after the intervention, leading to increased levels of activity, = 0.30; 95% CI [0.13, 0.47]. Population-based health promotion programs are recommended because even measures with small effect sizes can actually improve the health of a large group of unemployed people.
失业已知对身心健康有负面影响。然而，旨在改善失业者健康的干预措施的效果尚不清楚。我们对至少有两个测量点和对照组的现有干预研究进行了随机效应荟萃分析。2021 年 12 月在 PubMed、Scopus 和 PsycINFO 中进行的文献检索确定了 34 项符合条件的主要研究，涉及 36 个独立样本。对于心理健康，干预组与对照组比较的平均荟萃分析效应大小在干预后显著且为小效应， = 0.22；95%置信区间 [0.08，0.36]，以及随访时， = 0.11；95%置信区间 [0.07，0.16]。干预后自我评估身体健康状况的影响较小且边缘显著（ = 0.10）： = 0.09；95%置信区间 [-0.02，0.20]，随访时无统计学意义。然而，当求职培训不是干预计划的一部分（即所有可用资源仅用于促进健康）时，干预后身体健康的平均效应大小显著， = 0.17；95%置信区间 [0.07，0.27]。此外，体育活动促进的效果在干预后显著且为中小效应，导致活动水平增加， = 0.30；95%置信区间 [0.13，0.47]。建议开展基于人群的健康促进计划，因为即使是效果较小的措施也可以实际改善大量失业者的健康状况。
