Khattab Omar M, El-Kersh Dina M, Khalifa Shaden A M, Yosri Nermeen, El-Seedi Hesham R, Farag Mohamed A
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
Plants (Basel). 2023 May 23;12(11):2078. doi: 10.3390/plants12112078.
L. (squill) species is widely spread at the Mediterranean region as two main varieties, i.e., white squill (WS) and red squill (RS), that are recognized for several health potentials. The major secondary metabolite classes of the squill are cardiac glycosides, mainly, bufadienolides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Herein, a multiplex MS and NMR metabolomics approach targeting secondary and aroma compounds in WS and RS was employed for varieties classification. Solid-phase micro extraction-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (SPME-GC/MS), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS), as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provided fingerprinting and structural confirmation of the major metabolites for both types of the squill. For comparison of the different platforms' classification potential, multivariate data analysis was employed. While Bufadienolides, viz. "hydroxy-scilliglaucosidin--rhamnoside, desacetylscillirosidin--rhamnoside and bufotalidin--hexoside" as well as oxylipids, were enriched in WS, flavonoids, i.e., dihydro-kaempferol--hexoside and its aglycon, taxifolin derivative, were predominant in RS. A cytotoxicity screening against three cancer cell lines, including breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung (A-549), and ovarian (SKOV-3) cell lines was conducted. Results revealed that WS was more effective on A-549 and SKOV-3 cell lines (WS IC 0.11 and 0.4 µg/mL, respectively) owing to its abundance of bufadienolides, while RS recorded IC (MCF7 cell line) 0.17 µg/mL since is is rich inflavonoids.
海葱属植物在地中海地区广泛分布，主要有两个变种，即白海葱（WS）和红海葱（RS），它们具有多种健康功效。海葱的主要次生代谢产物类别包括强心苷，主要是蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯、黄酮类化合物和花青素。在此，采用了一种针对WS和RS中的次生化合物和香气化合物的多重质谱和核磁共振代谢组学方法进行品种分类。固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用（SPME-GC/MS）、超高效液相色谱/质谱联用（UPLC/MS）以及核磁共振（NMR）为两种海葱的主要代谢产物提供了指纹图谱和结构确认。为了比较不同平台的分类潜力，采用了多变量数据分析。虽然蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯，即“羟基海葱苷元-鼠李糖苷、去乙酰基海葱苷元-鼠李糖苷和布福替林-己糖苷”以及氧化脂质在WS中含量丰富，但黄酮类化合物，即二氢山奈酚-己糖苷及其苷元、紫杉叶素衍生物在RS中占主导地位。对三种癌细胞系进行了细胞毒性筛选，包括乳腺腺癌（MCF-7）、肺癌（A-549）和卵巢癌（SKOV-3）细胞系。结果显示，由于WS中富含蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯，其对A-549和SKOV-3细胞系更有效（WS的IC分别为0.11和0.4 µg/mL），而RS对MCF7细胞系的IC为0.17 µg/mL，因为其富含黄酮类化合物。
