Badaeva Ekaterina D, Kotseruba Violetta V, Fisenko Andnrey V, Chikida Nadezhda N, Belousova Maria Kh, Zhurbenko Peter M, Surzhikov Sergei A, Dragovich Alexandra Yu
N.I.Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str. 3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia.
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 32, GSP-1, Moscow 119334, Russia N.I.Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia.
Comp Cytogenet. 2023 Apr 12;17:75-112. doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.17.101008. eCollection 2023.
Smith in Sibthorp et Smith, 1806 is diploid grass with MM genome constitution occurring mainly in Greece. Two morphologically distinct subspecies - Chennaveeraiah, 1960 and (Holzmann ex Boissier) Eig, 1929 are discriminated within , however, genetic and karyotypic bases of their divergence are not fully understood. We used Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes and electrophoretic analysis of gliadins to characterize the genome and karyotype of to assess the level of their genetic diversity and uncover mechanisms leading to radiation of subspecies. We show that two subspecies differ in size and morphology of chromosomes 3M and 6M, which can be due to reciprocal translocation. Subspecies also differ in the amount and distribution of microsatellite and satellite DNA sequences, the number and position of minor NORs, especially on 3M and 6M, and gliadin spectra mainly in the a-zone. Frequent occurrence of hybrids can be caused by open pollination, which, along with genetic heterogeneity of accessions and, probably, the lack of geographic or genetic barrier between the subspecies, may contribute to extremely broad intraspecific variation of GAA and gliadin patterns in , which are usually not observed in endemic plant species.
史密斯在1806年西博尔普和史密斯的著作中提到，[该植物名称未明确给出，用“该植物”暂代]是一种二倍体禾本科植物，基因组组成为MM，主要分布在希腊。在该植物内可区分出两个形态上明显不同的亚种——1960年的切纳维拉亚亚种和1929年的（霍尔兹曼 ex 博伊斯尔）艾格亚种，然而，它们分化的遗传和核型基础尚未完全明了。我们使用重复DNA探针进行荧光原位杂交（FISH）以及醇溶蛋白的电泳分析，来表征该植物的基因组和核型，评估其遗传多样性水平，并揭示导致亚种辐射的机制。我们发现，两个亚种在3M和6M染色体的大小和形态上存在差异，这可能是由于相互易位所致。亚种在微卫星和卫星DNA序列的数量和分布、小核仁组织区（NORs）的数量和位置（尤其是在3M和6M上）以及主要在α区的醇溶蛋白谱方面也存在差异。杂交种的频繁出现可能是由开放授粉引起的，这与种质的遗传异质性以及亚种之间可能缺乏地理或遗传屏障一起，可能导致该植物在种内出现极其广泛的GAA和醇溶蛋白模式变异，而这种情况在特有植物物种中通常不会出现。
