Kalnyuk Julia V, Yurkevich Olga Yu, Badaeva Ekaterina D, Semenov Alexey R, Zoshchuk Svyatoslav A, Amosova Alexandra V, Muravenko Olga V
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 4;26(13):6436. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136436.
The genus L. (Lamiaceae) is characterized by complex taxonomy and controversial phylogeny. This genus includes about a thousand species with worldwide distribution and high ecological, structural, functional and morphological diversity. Because of their high content of essential oils, various plants are widely used in medicine, as well as in the food, perfume, cosmetic, and paint industries; they also are valuable melliferous resources. The present study reviews the taxonomic history of the genus and the phylogenetic relationships between the taxa within the subgenera , , and . Among the species, three basic chromosome numbers, = 7, = 8, and = 11, were most common, although other basic chromosome numbers ( = 6-19) were determined, which was probably due to events of dysploidy, aneupoidy, and/or polyploidy occurring during speciation. Recent molecular cytogenetic studies based on Next Generation Sequencing technologies have clarified the chromosomal organization of several species. The patterns of chromosome distribution of 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and satellite DNAs made it possible to assess their intra- and interspecific chromosome diversity. However, further cytogenetic studies are needed to characterize the chromosomes in the genomes of other species and specify the genomic relationships among them.
L.属（唇形科）的特点是分类复杂且系统发育存在争议。该属包括约一千个物种，分布于世界各地，具有高度的生态、结构、功能和形态多样性。由于其精油含量高，各种植物广泛应用于医药以及食品、香水、化妆品和涂料行业；它们也是宝贵的蜜源资源。本研究回顾了该属的分类历史以及亚属、和内各分类单元之间的系统发育关系。在这些物种中，三种基本染色体数，n = 7、n = 8和n = 11最为常见，不过也确定了其他基本染色体数（n = 6 - 19），这可能是由于物种形成过程中发生了整倍体变异、非整倍体变异和/或多倍体变异。最近基于下一代测序技术的分子细胞遗传学研究阐明了几种L.属物种的染色体组织。45S rDNA、5S rDNA和卫星DNA的染色体分布模式使得评估它们的种内和种间染色体多样性成为可能。然而，需要进一步的细胞遗传学研究来表征其他L.属物种基因组中的染色体，并明确它们之间的基因组关系。
