Regulation of on rice quality.

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The phytochrome-interacting factor-like gene negatively regulates grain size and 1000-grain weight, but its regulatory effect on rice quality traits is unknown. Here, knock-down, knock-out, and over-expression of transgenic rice lines were used to investigate the effects of on rice yield and quality traits. The results showed that knock-down or knock-out of increased grain length and width, chalkiness, amylose content, glutenin and globulin content, and total protein content but reduced amylopectin content, total starch content, prolamin and albumin content, and gel consistency. Over-expression of showed the opposite results, except for the reduction of prolamin content. Although changed the grain size and weight, it had no effect on grain length/width ratio, brown rice rate, and milled rice rate. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between transgenic lines and wild type showed that mainly regulated genes related to ribosome, metabolic pathways, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Gene expression analysis showed that RNAi transgenic lines decreased and expression and increased , , , and expression level, while over-expression of increased , , , and and decreased , , and expression level. These results revealed that plays an important role in rice grain development. In addition to grain shape, also regulates chalkiness, starch content, protein content, and gel consistency.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01311-x.