State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
Microbiol Res. 2023 Sep;274:127432. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127432. Epub 2023 Jun 8.
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have implications for host health and act as food ingredients. Due to the variability of LAB-EPS (lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide) gene clusters, especially the glycosyltransferase genes that determine monosaccharide composition, the structure of EPS is very rich. EPSs are synthesized by LAB through the extracellular synthesis pathway and the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. LAB-EPS has a strong immunomodulatory ability. The EPSs produced by different genera of LAB, especially Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus, have different immunomodulatory abilities because of their specific structures. LAB-EPS possesses other health effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, intestinal barrier repair, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cholesterol-lowering activities. The bioactivities of LAB-EPS are tightly related to their structures such us monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight (MW). For the excellent physicochemical property, LAB-EPS acts as product improvers in dairy, bakery food, and meat in terms of stability, emulsification, thickening, and gelling. We systematically summarize the detailed process of EPS from synthesis to application, with emphasis on physiological mechanisms of EPS, and specific structure-function relationship, which provides theoretical support for the potential commercial value in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries.
乳酸菌（LAB）合成的胞外多糖（EPS）对宿主健康有影响，并可作为食品成分。由于 LAB-EPS（乳酸菌衍生的胞外多糖）基因簇的可变性，特别是决定单糖组成的糖基转移酶基因，EPS 的结构非常丰富。EPS 是通过 LAB 的细胞外合成途径和 Wzx/Wzy 依赖途径合成的。LAB-EPS 具有很强的免疫调节能力。不同属的 LAB 产生的 EPS，特别是乳杆菌、肠膜明串珠菌和链球菌，由于其特定的结构，具有不同的免疫调节能力。LAB-EPS 具有其他健康功效，包括抗肿瘤、抗氧化、肠道屏障修复、抗菌、抗病毒和降胆固醇作用。LAB-EPS 的生物活性与其结构密切相关，如单糖组成、糖苷键和分子量（MW）。由于 LAB-EPS 具有优异的物理化学性质，因此在乳制品、烘焙食品和肉类中可作为产品改良剂，具有稳定性、乳化、增稠和凝胶作用。我们系统地总结了 EPS 从合成到应用的详细过程，重点介绍了 EPS 的生理机制和特定的结构-功能关系，为其在制药、化工、食品和化妆品行业的潜在商业价值提供了理论支持。
