National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Sep 5;457:131828. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131828. Epub 2023 Jun 12.
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is rapidly increasing worldwide and is promoted as a smoking cessation tool. The impact of traditional cigs on human health has been well-defined in both animal and human studies. In contrast, little is known about the adverse effects of e-cigs exposure on human health. This review summarizes the impact of e-cigs exposure on different organ systems based on the rapidly expanding recent evidence from experimental and human studies. A number of growing studies have shown the adverse effects of e-cigs exposure on various organ systems. The summarized data in this review indicate that while e-cigs use causes less adverse effects on different organs compared to traditional cigs, its long-term exposure may lead to serious health effects. Data on short-term organ effects are limited and there is no sufficient evidence on long-term organ effects. Moreover, the adverse effects of secondhand and third hand e-cigs vapour exposure have not been thoroughly investigated in previous studies. Although some studies demonstrated e-cigs used as a smoking cessation tool, there is a lack of strong evidence to support it. While some researchers suggested e-cigs as a safer alternative to tobacco smoking, their long-term exposure health effects remain largely unknown. Therefore, more epidemiological and prospective studies including mechanistic studies are needed to address the potential adverse health effects of e-cigs to draw a firm conclusion about their safe use. A wide variation in e-cigs products and the lack of standardized testing methods are the major barriers to evaluating the existing data. Specific regulatory guidelines for both e-cigs components and the manufacturing process may be effective to protect consumer health.
电子烟（e-cigs）在全球范围内的使用迅速增加，并被宣传为一种戒烟工具。传统香烟对人类健康的影响在动物和人类研究中已经得到了很好的定义。相比之下，人们对电子烟暴露对人类健康的不良影响知之甚少。
本综述根据实验和人类研究中迅速扩展的最新证据，总结了电子烟暴露对不同器官系统的影响。越来越多的研究表明，电子烟暴露对各种器官系统都有不良影响。本综述中总结的数据表明，虽然电子烟的使用对不同器官的不良影响小于传统香烟，但长期暴露可能会导致严重的健康影响。
关于短期器官影响的数据有限，长期器官影响的证据也不足。此外，之前的研究并未彻底调查二手和三手电子烟蒸汽暴露的不良影响。尽管一些研究表明电子烟可作为戒烟工具，但缺乏强有力的证据支持这一观点。虽然一些研究人员认为电子烟是吸烟的更安全替代品，但它们的长期暴露健康影响在很大程度上仍是未知的。
因此，需要进行更多的流行病学和前瞻性研究，包括机制研究，以评估电子烟的潜在健康影响，从而对其安全使用得出明确结论。电子烟产品的广泛差异和缺乏标准化的测试方法是评估现有数据的主要障碍。针对电子烟组件和制造过程的具体监管指南可能有助于保护消费者健康。
