Universität Stuttgart, Germany.
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Germany.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2023 Sep;145:104523. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104523. Epub 2023 May 8.
According to current estimates, the number of people needing care will double in the next 40 years. It is expected that between 130,000 and 190,000 additional nurses will be needed by 2030 in Germany. Physical and psychological burdens associated with nursing in long-term care facilities can develop into serious health risk factors and significantly impact occupational factors such as absenteeism, especially when linked to difficult working conditions. However, demands and resources specific to the nursing profession have not been analyzed extensively to preserve and promote nurses' workability and health adequately.
Our study aimed to examine the extent to which perceived health among geriatric nursing staff in Germany is predicted by personal resources, job demands, and job resources. In addition, we analyzed the impact of different behavior and experience patterns on these relationships.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: An observational study was conducted between August 2018 and February 2020 in 48 nursing home facilities with 854 staff members in Germany as part of the project 'PROCARE - Prevention and occupational health in long-term care'.
The survey contained instruments that measure workplace exposure, musculoskeletal complaints, physical and mental well-being, chronic stress, and work-related behavior and experience patterns. In addition, health-related information on physical activity and nutrition was collected. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
The combined physical and mental workload for geriatric nurses is very high, with 75 % showing chronic stress. In the overall model, job and personal resources have a stronger association with mental health than physical health, while job demands have an equal impact on mental and physical health. Coping behavior also plays an important key role that should be assessed and considered. A behavior and experience risk pattern (health-endangering) is more strongly associated with a lower health status than a health-promoting behavior pattern. Results of the multigroup test showed that work-related behavior and experience patterns significantly moderate the relationship between physical health and mental health (χ = 392/p ≤ .001/df = 256/RMSEA = 0.028/CFI = 0.958/TLI = 0.931). Only 43 % show a health-friendly coping pattern.
Our findings underline the importance of holistic health promotion, which not only aims at changes at the behavioral level and the development of coping strategies but also takes on the task of reducing the workload and including measures to improve the working climate.
DRKS.de (DRKS00015241); August 9, 2018.
Healthier coping patterns can benefit geriatric nurses' health. However, this is not a substitute for improving working conditions.
根据目前的估计，未来 40 年内需要护理的人数将翻一番。预计到 2030 年，德国将需要额外的 13 万至 19 万名护士。长期护理机构护理工作所带来的身体和心理负担可能会发展成为严重的健康风险因素，并对旷工等职业因素产生重大影响，尤其是当这些因素与困难的工作条件相关联时。然而，护理行业的具体需求和资源尚未得到充分分析，以充分保护和促进护士的工作能力和健康。
本研究旨在探讨德国老年护理人员感知健康的程度是由个人资源、工作需求和工作资源决定的。此外，我们还分析了不同行为和经验模式对这些关系的影响。
设计、环境和参与者：这是一项观察性研究，于 2018 年 8 月至 2020 年 2 月在德国的 48 家养老院进行，共有 854 名工作人员参与，作为项目“PROCARE-长期护理中的预防和职业健康”的一部分。
该调查包含了测量工作场所暴露、肌肉骨骼投诉、身心健康、慢性压力以及与工作相关的行为和经验模式的工具。此外，还收集了与身体活动和营养有关的健康信息。使用结构方程模型进行数据分析。
老年护士的综合身体和心理工作量非常大，75%的人有慢性压力。在总体模型中，工作和个人资源与心理健康的关系比身体健康的关系更强，而工作需求对身心健康的影响是相等的。应对行为也起着重要的关键作用，应该进行评估和考虑。一种危险行为和经验模式（危害健康）与较低的健康状况的关联比促进健康的行为模式更强。多组检验的结果表明，与工作相关的行为和经验模式显著调节了身体健康和心理健康之间的关系（χ=392/p≤.001/df=256/RMSEA=0.028/CFI=0.958/TLI=0.931）。只有 43%的人表现出健康的应对模式。
我们的研究结果强调了全面健康促进的重要性，这不仅旨在改变行为层面和发展应对策略，还承担着减轻工作量和纳入改善工作环境措施的任务。
DRKS.de（DRKS00015241）；2018 年 8 月 9 日。
更健康的应对模式可以使老年护士受益于健康。然而，这并不能替代改善工作条件。
