高度活跃的中学生运动员表现出较差的运动技能熟练度。
Highly Active Middle School Athletes Demonstrate Poor Motor Skill Proficiency.
机构信息
Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida.
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2024 Jul-Aug;16(4):527-533. doi: 10.1177/19417381231178822. Epub 2023 Jun 16.
BACKGROUND
Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are critical components to lifelong participation in sports and physical activity. With the rise in early sports specialization, mastery of motor skills may be limited in youth athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess FMS proficiency in highly active middle school athletes and determine whether proficiency differed between specialization levels and sex.
HYPOTHESIS
(1) Most athletes would fail to achieve proficiency in all domains of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2), (2) highly specialized athletes would demonstrate lower proficiency in all domains of the TGMD-2, and (3) male athletes would demonstrate higher proficiency than female athletes.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 4.
METHODS
A total of 91 athletes were recruited (44 male, 12.6 ± 0.9 years). Activity level was quantified using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (Pedi-FABS), specialization level was determined using the Jayanthi Specialization Scale, and the TGMD-2 was used to assess FMS proficiency. Descriptive statistics were used to describe gross motor, locomotor, and object control percentile rank. A 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences in percentile rank between low, moderate, and high specialization groups and independent samples tests were used to compare sexes ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
Mean Pedi-FABS score was 23.6 ± 4.9. In total, 24.2%, 38.5%, and 37.4% of athletes classified as low, moderate, and highly specialized, respectively. Mean percentile ranks were 56.2%, 64.7%, and 62.6% for locomotor, object control, and gross motor domains, respectively. No athlete achieved a percentile rank >99% in any domain of the TGMD-2, and there was no significant difference between specialization groups or sex.
CONCLUSION
Despite high activity levels, no athlete demonstrated proficiency in any domain of the TGMD-2, and there was no difference in proficiency between specialization levels or by sex.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Sport participation, regardless of level, does not ensure adequate mastery of FMS.
背景
基本运动技能（FMS）是终生参与运动和体育活动的关键组成部分。随着早期专项运动的兴起，青年运动员的运动技能掌握可能受到限制。本研究的目的是评估高度活跃的中学生运动员的 FMS 熟练程度，并确定熟练程度是否因专项化水平和性别而异。
假设
（1）大多数运动员将无法在《粗大运动发育测试》（TGMD-2）的所有领域达到熟练程度，（2）高度专业化的运动员在 TGMD-2 的所有领域表现出较低的熟练程度，（3）男运动员的熟练程度高于女运动员。
研究设计
横断面研究。
证据水平
4 级。
方法
共招募了 91 名运动员（44 名男性，12.6 ± 0.9 岁）。使用矫形外科医院（HSS）儿科功能活动简要量表（Pedi-FABS）量化活动水平，使用 Jayanthi 专业化量表确定专业化水平，使用 TGMD-2 评估 FMS 熟练程度。使用描述性统计描述粗大运动、移动和物体控制的百分位数排名。使用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）评估低、中、高专业化组之间的百分位数排名差异，使用独立样本 t 检验比较性别（<0.05）。
结果
平均 Pedi-FABS 评分为 23.6 ± 4.9。共有 24.2%、38.5%和 37.4%的运动员分别归类为低度、中度和高度专业化。运动、物体控制和粗大运动领域的平均百分位数排名分别为 56.2%、64.7%和 62.6%。没有运动员在 TGMD-2 的任何领域达到百分位数>99%，且专业化水平或性别之间无显著差异。
结论
尽管活动水平较高，但没有运动员在 TGMD-2 的任何领域达到熟练程度，且熟练程度在专业化水平或性别之间无差异。
临床相关性
无论运动水平如何，运动参与都不能确保充分掌握 FMS。
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