高中运动员的竞赛量、俱乐部运动和运动专项化与性别及下肢损伤史的关联
Association of Competition Volume, Club Sports, and Sport Specialization With Sex and Lower Extremity Injury History in High School Athletes.
作者信息
Post Eric G, Bell David R, Trigsted Stephanie M, Pfaller Adam Y, Hetzel Scott J, Brooks M Alison, McGuine Timothy A
机构信息
Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
Wisconsin Injury in Sport Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2017 Nov/Dec;9(6):518-523. doi: 10.1177/1941738117714160. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
BACKGROUND
High school athletes are increasingly encouraged to participate in 1 sport year-round to increase their sport skills. However, no study has examined the association of competition volume, club sport participation, and sport specialization with sex and lower extremity injury (LEI) in a large sample of high school athletes.
HYPOTHESIS
Increased competition volume, participating on a club team outside of school sports, and high levels of specialization will all be associated with a history of LEI. Girls will be more likely to engage in higher competition volume, participate on a club team, and be classified as highly specialized.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
METHODS
High school athletes completed a questionnaire prior to the start of their competitive season regarding their sport participation and previous injury history. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations of competition volume, club sport participation, and sport specialization with history of LEI, adjusting for sex.
RESULTS
A cohort of 1544 high school athletes (780 girls; grades 9-12) from 29 high schools completed the questionnaire. Girls were more likely to participate at high competition volume (23.2% vs 11.0%, χ = 84.7, P < 0.001), participate on a club team (61.2% vs 37.2%, χ = 88.3, P < 0.001), and be highly specialized (16.4% vs 10.4%, χ = 19.7, P < 0.001). Athletes with high competition volume, who participated in a club sport, or who were highly specialized had greater odds of reporting a previous LEI than those with low competition volume (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.55-2.80; P < 0.001), no club sport participation (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.20-1.88; P < 0.001), or low specialization (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.88-3.54; P < 0.001), even after adjusting for sex.
CONCLUSION
Participating in high sport volume, on a club team, or being highly specialized was associated with history of LEI. Girls were more likely to participate at high volumes, be active on club teams, or be highly specialized, potentially placing them at increased risk of injury.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Youth athletes, parents, and clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of intense, year-round participation in organized sports.
背景
高中运动员越来越多地被鼓励全年参与一项运动以提高他们的运动技能。然而，尚无研究在大量高中运动员样本中考察比赛量、参加俱乐部运动和运动专项化与性别及下肢损伤（LEI）之间的关联。
假设
比赛量增加、在校外参加俱乐部球队以及高水平的专项化都将与下肢损伤史相关。女孩更有可能参与更高比赛量的运动、参加俱乐部球队并被归类为高度专项化。
研究设计
横断面研究。
证据水平
3级。
方法
高中运动员在其竞技赛季开始前完成一份关于其运动参与情况和既往损伤史的问卷。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来研究比赛量、参加俱乐部运动和运动专项化与下肢损伤史之间的关联，并对性别进行校正。
结果
来自29所高中的1544名高中运动员（780名女生；9至12年级）组成的队列完成了问卷。女孩更有可能参与高比赛量的运动（23.2%对11.0%，χ = 84.7，P < 0.001）、参加俱乐部球队（61.2%对37.2%，χ = 88.3，P < 0.001）以及高度专项化（16.4%对10.4%，χ = 19.7，P < 0.001）。与比赛量低（优势比[OR]，2.08；95%可信区间[CI]，1.55 - 2.80；P < 0.001）、未参加俱乐部运动（OR，1.50；95% CI，1.20 - 1.88；P < 0.001）或专项化程度低（OR，2.58；95% CI，1.88 - 3.54；P < 0.001）的运动员相比，比赛量高、参加俱乐部运动或高度专项化的运动员报告既往下肢损伤的几率更高，即使在对性别进行校正后也是如此。
结论
参与高运动量运动、参加俱乐部球队或高度专项化与下肢损伤史相关。女孩更有可能参与高运动量运动、活跃于俱乐部球队或高度专项化，这可能使她们面临更高的受伤风险。
临床意义
青少年运动员、家长和临床医生应意识到全年高强度参与有组织体育运动的潜在风险。
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