Chang Ho-Hsiung, Gustian Deri, Chang Chung-Jan, Jan Fuh-Jyh
Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 2;14:1092998. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092998. eCollection 2023.
Begomoviruses are mainly transmitted by whiteflies. However, a few begomoviruses can be transmitted mechanically. Mechanical transmissibility affects begomoviral distribution in the field.
In this study, two mechanically transmissible begomoviruses, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-oriental melon isolate (ToLCNDV-OM) and tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), and two nonmechanically transmissible begomoviruses, ToLCNDV-cucumber isolate (ToLCNDV-CB) and tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus (ToLCTV), were used to study the effects of virus-virus interactions on mechanical transmissibility.
and host plants were coinoculated through mechanical transmission with inoculants derived from plants that were mix-infected or inoculants derived from individually infected plants, and the inoculants were mixed immediately before inoculation. Our results showed that ToLCNDV-CB was mechanically transmitted with ToLCNDV-OM to , cucumber, and oriental melon, whereas ToLCTV was mechanically transmitted with TYLCTHV to and tomato. For crossing host range inoculation, ToLCNDV-CB was mechanically transmitted with TYLCTHV to and its nonhost tomato, while ToLCTV with ToLCNDV-OM was transmitted to and its nonhost oriental melon. For sequential inoculation, ToLCNDV-CB and ToLCTV were mechanically transmitted to plants that were either preinfected with ToLCNDV-OM or TYLCTHV. The results of fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses showed that the nuclear shuttle protein of ToLCNDV-CB (CBNSP) and the coat protein of ToLCTV (TWCP) localized alone to the nucleus. When coexpressed with movement proteins of ToLCNDV-OM or TYLCTHV, CBNSP and TWCP relocalized to both the nucleus and the cellular periphery and interacted with movement proteins.
Our findings indicated that virus-virus interactions in mixed infection circumstances could complement the mechanical transmissibility of nonmechanically transmissible begomoviruses and alter their host range. These findings provide new insight into complex virus-virus interactions and will help us to understand the begomoviral distribution and to reevaluate disease management strategies in the field.
双生病毒主要由粉虱传播。然而，少数双生病毒可通过机械传播。机械传播能力影响双生病毒在田间的分布。
在本研究中，使用两种可机械传播的双生病毒，番茄曲叶新德里病毒-东方甜瓜分离株（ToLCNDV-OM）和番茄黄化曲叶泰国病毒（TYLCTHV），以及两种非机械传播的双生病毒，ToLCNDV-黄瓜分离株（ToLCNDV-CB）和番茄曲叶台湾病毒（ToLCTV），来研究病毒-病毒相互作用对机械传播能力的影响。
宿主植物通过机械接种与来自混合感染植物的接种物或来自单独感染植物的接种物共同接种，接种物在接种前立即混合。我们的结果表明，ToLCNDV-CB与ToLCNDV-OM可机械传播至黄瓜和东方甜瓜，而ToLCTV与TYLCTHV可机械传播至烟草和番茄。对于交叉宿主范围接种，ToLCNDV-CB与TYLCTHV可机械传播至烟草及其非宿主番茄，而ToLCTV与ToLCNDV-OM可传播至黄瓜及其非宿主东方甜瓜。对于顺序接种，ToLCNDV-CB和ToLCTV可机械传播至预先感染ToLCNDV-OM或TYLCTHV的烟草植株。荧光共振能量转移分析结果表明，ToLCNDV-CB的核穿梭蛋白（CBNSP）和ToLCTV的外壳蛋白（TWCP）单独定位于细胞核。当与ToLCNDV-OM或TYLCTHV的运动蛋白共表达时，CBNSP和TWCP重新定位于细胞核和细胞周边，并与运动蛋白相互作用。
我们的研究结果表明，混合感染情况下的病毒-病毒相互作用可补充非机械传播双生病毒的机械传播能力，并改变其宿主范围。这些发现为复杂的病毒-病毒相互作用提供了新的见解，并将有助于我们了解双生病毒的分布，并重新评估田间疾病管理策略。
