V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia.
Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2022 Jan;24(1):3-8. doi: 10.1111/plb.13338. Epub 2021 Sep 26.
A plant's associated biota plays an integral role in its metabolism, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, pathogen resistance and other physiological processes. Although a virome is an integral part of the phytobiome, a major contradiction exists between the holobiont approach and the practical need to eradicate pathogens from agricultural crops. In this review, we discuss grapevine virus control, but the issue is also relevant for numerous other crops, including potato, cassava, citrus, cacao and other species. Grapevine diseases, especially viral infections, cause main crop losses. Methods have been developed to eliminate viruses and other microorganisms from plant material, but elimination of viruses from plant material does not guarantee protection from future reinfection. Elimination of viral particles in plant material could create genetic drift, leading in turn to an increase in the occurrence of pathogenic strains of viruses. A possible solution may be a combination of virus elimination and plant propagation in tissue culture with in vitro vaccination. In this context, possible strategies to control viral infections include application of plant resistance inducers, cross protection and vaccination using siRNA, dsRNA and viral replicons during plant 'cleaning' and in vitro propagation. The experience and knowledge accumulated in human immunization can help plant scientists to develop and employ new methods of protection, leading to more sustainable and healthier crop production.
植物相关生物群在其代谢、养分吸收、胁迫耐受、病原体抗性和其他生理过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用。尽管病毒组是植物生物群的一个组成部分，但整体生物群方法与从农业作物中根除病原体的实际需求之间存在着主要的矛盾。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了葡萄病毒的控制，但这个问题也与包括马铃薯、木薯、柑橘、可可和其他物种在内的众多其他作物有关。葡萄病害，尤其是病毒性感染，会导致主要作物减产。已经开发出了从植物材料中消除病毒和其他微生物的方法，但从植物材料中消除病毒并不能保证免受未来的再感染。消除植物材料中的病毒颗粒可能会导致遗传漂移，进而导致病毒致病性菌株的发生率增加。一种可能的解决方案可能是将病毒消除与组织培养中的植物繁殖相结合，同时进行体外接种。在这种情况下，控制病毒感染的可能策略包括在植物“清洁”和体外繁殖过程中应用植物抗性诱导剂、交叉保护和使用 siRNA、dsRNA 和病毒复制子进行接种。在人类免疫方面积累的经验和知识可以帮助植物科学家开发和采用新的保护方法，从而实现更可持续和更健康的作物生产。
