Senguttuvel P, G Padmavathi, C Jasmine, D Sanjeeva Rao, Cn Neeraja, V Jaldhani, P Beulah, R Gobinath, J Aravind Kumar, Sv Sai Prasad, Lv Subba Rao, As Hariprasad, K Sruthi, D Shivani, Rm Sundaram, Govindaraj Mahalingam
Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India.
Genetics and Plant Breeding, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 2;14:1138408. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138408. eCollection 2023.
Rice is a highly consumed staple cereal cultivated predominantly in Asian countries, which share 90% of global rice production. Rice is a primary calorie provider for more than 3.5 billion people across the world. Preference and consumption of polished rice have increased manifold, which resulted in the loss of inherent nutrition. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (Zn and Fe) are major human health challenges in the 21 century. Biofortification of staples is a sustainable approach to alleviating malnutrition. Globally, significant progress has been made in rice for enhancing grain Zn, Fe, and protein. To date, 37 biofortified Fe, Zn, Protein and Provitamin A rich rice varieties are available for commercial cultivation (16 from India and 21 from the rest of the world; Fe > 10 mg/kg, Zn > 24 mg/kg, protein > 10% in polished rice as India target while Zn > 28 mg/kg in polished rice as international target). However, understanding the micronutrient genetics, mechanisms of uptake, translocation, and bioavailability are the prime areas that need to be strengthened. The successful development of these lines through integrated-genomic technologies can accelerate deployment and scaling in future breeding programs to address the key challenges of malnutrition and hidden hunger.
水稻是一种在亚洲国家广泛种植且消费量大的主要谷类作物，亚洲国家的水稻产量占全球水稻总产量的90%。水稻是全球超过35亿人的主要热量来源。精制大米的偏好和消费量大幅增加，导致其固有营养成分流失。微量营养素缺乏（锌和铁）的流行是21世纪人类健康面临的主要挑战。主食的生物强化是缓解营养不良的一种可持续方法。在全球范围内，水稻在提高籽粒锌、铁和蛋白质含量方面取得了显著进展。迄今为止，有37个富含铁、锌、蛋白质和维生素A原的生物强化水稻品种可用于商业种植（16个来自印度，21个来自世界其他地区；按照印度的目标，精制大米中铁含量>10毫克/千克，锌含量>24毫克/千克，蛋白质含量>10%，而按照国际目标，精制大米中锌含量>28毫克/千克）。然而，了解微量营养素的遗传学、吸收、转运和生物有效性机制是需要加强的主要领域。通过综合基因组技术成功培育这些品系可以加速未来育种计划中的推广和扩大规模，以应对营养不良和隐性饥饿的关键挑战。
