Parve Swapnil D, Sineglazova Albina V
Primary Care and General Practice, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, RUS.
Research and Development, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Jun 16;15(6):e40524. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40524. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Background Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiometabolic abnormalities result in alterations in the myocardial structure and function. Limited data are available on these changes in young adults with various cardiometabolic risk profiles. The goal was to study the relationship between cardiometabolic risk and echocardiographic changes in young patients of both sexes in a Russian population, using a risk-based cardiometabolic disease staging (CMDS) system. Methods A total of 191 patients were included. The patients were classified into five groups based on the CMDS system. We gathered patient history and performed a physical exam, biochemical blood analysis, and echocardiography. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The median age of the participants was 35 (30.0-39.0) years. Elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia were more frequent ( < 0.05) in males than in females. An increase in the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) and a decrease in the ejection fraction were noted from CMDS 0 to 3. The EDV and ESV were associated with most cardiometabolic risk factors and strongly correlated with the visceral fat level, waist circumference, and body mass index. We identified a new subgroup as CMDS 3-overly high in patients with CMDS 3 and an excess level of visceral fat. Conclusion When designing strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention in young adults apart from CMDS parameters, bioimpedance analysis should be considered to assess the level of visceral fat, especially in individuals with CMDS 3 because they are at a higher risk of cardiac chamber enlargements. These results can be used to identify new dominants or phenotypes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
背景 心血管疾病是全球主要的死亡原因。心脏代谢异常会导致心肌结构和功能的改变。关于具有各种心脏代谢风险特征的年轻成年人的这些变化的数据有限。目标是使用基于风险的心脏代谢疾病分期（CMDS）系统，研究俄罗斯人群中年轻男女患者的心脏代谢风险与超声心动图变化之间的关系。方法 共纳入191例患者。根据CMDS系统将患者分为五组。我们收集了患者病史并进行了体格检查、血液生化分析和超声心动图检查。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows，版本23（2015年发布；IBM公司，美国纽约州阿蒙克）进行统计分析。结果 参与者的中位年龄为35（30.0 - 39.0）岁。男性的收缩压和舒张压升高以及高甘油三酯血症比女性更常见（<0.05）。从CMDS 0到3，舒张末期容积（EDV）和收缩末期容积（ESV）增加，射血分数降低。EDV和ESV与大多数心脏代谢危险因素相关，并与内脏脂肪水平、腰围和体重指数密切相关。我们将CMDS 3中内脏脂肪水平过高的患者确定为一个新的亚组。结论 在为年轻成年人设计心血管疾病预防策略时，除了CMDS参数外，应考虑生物阻抗分析来评估内脏脂肪水平，特别是对于CMDS 3的个体，因为他们发生心腔扩大的风险更高。这些结果可用于识别射血分数保留的心力衰竭的新主导因素或表型。
