Hoedemakers Joost, Vanderstukken Arne, Stoffers Jol
Faculty of Management, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands.
Research Centre for Employability, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Sittard, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jun 2;14:1092865. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1092865. eCollection 2023.
Policymakers, researchers, and practitioners have recently begun treating employability-an individual's ability to possess and continuously adjust and acquire up-to-date competencies, flexibility, adaptability, and openness to change-as crucial to enabling employees to respond to ubiquitous and rapid changes in organizations (e.g., changing tasks and work-related processes). Research into ways to enhance employability, particularly through supervisor leadership, which, for example, facilitates training and competence development, has thus grown in popularity. A review on leadership as an antecedent of employability is both evident and timely. This review thus addresses the question of whether a supervisor's leadership influences employees' employability, and in which contexts and through which mechanisms it does so.
As preliminary study we conducted a bibliometric analysis (which corroborated employability's recent rise in popularity) and as main study we conducted a systematic literature review. For this, the authors independently searched for articles, which met the inclusion criteria and subsequently were included for full text analysis. The authors also independently used the forward and backward snowballing technique for identifying additional articles which met the inclusion criteria and subsequently were included for full text analysis. The procedure resulted in 17 articles in total.
Most of the articles identified positive relationships among several conceptualizations of supervisor leadership and employee employability, such as transformational leadership and leader-member exchange, and to a lesser extent, servant leadership and perceived supervisor support. This review suggests that such relationships occur across different work contexts, such as educational, SMEs, healthcare, and several other industries, and these contexts also vary geographically.
The relationships among supervisor leadership and employee employability are largely explained using a social exchange perspective, which means that the positive influence of leadership on employability is itself influenced by a two-way social exchange relationship between supervisor and employees. The quality of the dyadic relationship between leader and followers thus determines the extent to which leaders offer valuable resources such as training and feedback, which subsequently enhances employees' employability. This review demonstrates that investing in supervisors' leadership is a valuable HRM strategy that fosters employability, and it identifies practical implications that inform policy and practice and sets an agenda for future employability research.
政策制定者、研究人员和从业者最近开始将就业能力——个人拥有并不断调整和获取最新能力、灵活性、适应性以及对变化的开放性的能力——视为使员工能够应对组织中普遍且快速变化（例如，任务和工作相关流程的变化）的关键因素。因此，关于如何提高就业能力的研究，特别是通过主管领导来提高就业能力的研究（例如，主管领导有助于培训和能力发展）越来越受到关注。对领导作为就业能力的一个先行因素进行综述既很有必要也很及时。因此，本综述探讨了主管领导是否会影响员工的就业能力，以及在哪些背景下以及通过何种机制产生影响这一问题。
作为初步研究，我们进行了文献计量分析（证实了就业能力最近的受关注程度上升），作为主要研究，我们进行了系统的文献综述。为此，作者们独立搜索符合纳入标准的文章，随后将其纳入全文分析。作者们还独立使用向前和向后滚雪球技术来识别其他符合纳入标准的文章，随后将其纳入全文分析。该过程总共产生了17篇文章。
大多数文章确定了主管领导的几种概念化与员工就业能力之间的积极关系，如变革型领导和领导 - 成员交换，在较小程度上还有仆人式领导和感知到的主管支持。本综述表明，这种关系在不同的工作背景下都会出现，如教育、中小企业、医疗保健以及其他几个行业，而且这些背景在地理上也各不相同。
主管领导与员工就业能力之间的关系在很大程度上是从社会交换的角度来解释的，这意味着领导对就业能力的积极影响本身受到主管与员工之间双向社会交换关系的影响。领导者与追随者之间二元关系的质量决定了领导者提供诸如培训和反馈等有价值资源的程度，进而提高员工的就业能力。本综述表明，投资于主管领导是一项有价值的人力资源管理策略，可促进就业能力，它确定了为政策和实践提供参考的实际意义，并为未来的就业能力研究设定了议程。
