Berbaum K S, Franken E A, Dorfman D D, Barloon T, Ell S R, Lu C H, Smith W, Abu-Yousef M M
Invest Radiol. 1986 Jul;21(7):532-9. doi: 10.1097/00004424-198607000-00004.
The influence of clinical history upon detection has been frequently studied. In a unique investigation, detection of diverse abnormalities commonly encountered in practice was tested, and the influence of clinical history was conceptualized as suggesting a tentative diagnosis. Categorical prompts that were correct for specific abnormalities resulted in detection superior to that with unprompted reading. Prompts that were plausible but incorrect for abnormal and normal cases led to very few false-positive responses, and subsequent reports of specific abnormalities were as accurate as in unprompted reading. It is concluded that appropriate clinical history results in improved perceptual performance rather than simply improved decision-making.
临床病史对检测的影响已得到频繁研究。在一项独特的调查中，对实践中常见的各种异常情况的检测进行了测试，并将临床病史的影响概念化为提出初步诊断。针对特定异常情况的正确分类提示导致的检测效果优于无提示阅读。对异常和正常病例看似合理但不正确的提示导致极少的假阳性反应，随后关于特定异常情况的报告与无提示阅读时一样准确。得出的结论是，适当的临床病史可改善感知性能，而不仅仅是改善决策。
